Hemo-Lymphatic/ Hematological System

Question 1

Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis

Answer 1

Hemoparasitic, infectious and transmissible, reportable
Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, humans (babes)
IMHA: intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies

Question 2

Causative agents of anaplasmosis

Answer 2

Obligate intracellular parasites of RBCs
A. marginale (marginale: periphery, centrale: center)
A. ovis (anywhere in the RBC

Question 3

Anaplasmosis distribution

Answer 3

Marginale: worldwide
Ovis: N. America (SE, SW, W cost and great lakes)

Question 4

Anaplasmosis mode of transmission

Answer 4

Vector (biting insects and ticks)
Iatrogenic (needles, instruments)

Question 4

CS anaplasmosis

Answer 4

Mild in cattle up to 1y old
Acute but fatal up to 2y old and older cattle
Staggering, abortion in advanced pregnancy, icterus, ↓ GI motility, dark urine
Sheep and goats: asymptomatic

Question 5

Pathogenesis anaplasmosis

Answer 5

Organism enters blood stream, infects RBCs (20-70% of RBCs infected)
RBCs become opsonized, removed from circulation by macrophages → anemia

Question 6

DX for anaplasmosis

Answer 6

CS + absence of Hburia
Low PCV, inclusion bodies on blood smear, regenerative anemia

Question 7

Prevention and control of anaplasmosis

Answer 7

Vaccination
Eliminate chr. carrier state in herd by treating herd with tetras and vector control

Question 8

Prognosis and tx of anaplasmosis

Answer 8

Guarded if PCV 8-12%, poor if PCV <8%
Tetracyclines, whole blood transfusions

Question 9

Differences between babesiosis and anaplasmosis

Answer 9

Both: Urine discoloration
Babesiosis: protozoa, Hbnuria, zoonotic
Anaplasmosis: rickettsiae

Question 10

Babesiosis causes

Answer 10

Protzoan parasites
Large: B. bigemina (worldwide)
Small: B. bovis, more virulent

Question 11

Mode transmission for babesiosis

Answer 11

Vector (ticks- Dermacentor and Boophilus)
Iatrogenic (needles and instruments)

Question 12

CS of babesiosis

Answer 12

Cattle: 2-3w after tick infestation → severe anemia, cerebral babesiosis
Sheep and goats: asymptomatic
Horses: fever, hemolytic anemia, icterus

Question 13

Lesions of babesiosis

Answer 13

Icterus (prominent in horse), splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, urine dark red, blood thin and watery

Question 14

Dx of babesiosis

Answer 14

Low PCV, and protozoa on blood smear
CF and IFA detect Abs in serum within 7d of infection

Question 15

Tx of babesiosis

Answer 15

Babesiacides (imidocarb)
Whole blood transfusions

Question 16

Bovine Leukosis/ Bovine Lymphoma/ Lymphosarcoma

Answer 16

2 main classifications (juvenile and adult), reportable
Retroviridae (RNA virus)
Hosts: cattle

Question 17

Sporadic lymphosarcoma

Answer 17

Tumors of B and T cells
Juvenile/ calf form: generalized lymphadenopathy in calves 3-6 m (dairy breeds)

Question 18

Adult lymphosarcoma (enzootic lymphosarcoma)

Answer 18

Tumors of B cells, multiple organ systems
Cattle over 2-4 yr
Most common neoplastic dz of cattle

Question 19

Transmission of Bovine Leukosis

Answer 19

Contact, blood transmission (biting insects, instruments)
Natural bleeding

Question 20

Sporadic lymphosarcoma (juvenile)

Answer 20

Weakness with good appetite, pale mm, tachycardia, tachypnea, cough, harsh resp. sounds
Lymphadenopathy (cervical/ parotid LN)

Question 21

Adult lymphosarcoma

Answer 21

Loss of condition, abrupt drop in milk production, enlarged peripheral noes (pre-scapular, femoral, supramammary), exophthalmos
tumor masses on rectal palpation

Question 22

Sporadic lymphosarcoma (juvenile) dx

Answer 22

Clin path: leukocytosis, microcytic hypochromic anemia, massive neoplastic infiltration on BM cytology

Question 23

Adult lymphosarcoma dx

Answer 23

CS and exploratory laparotomy
Confirmatory with AGID test with gp-51