Hemo-Lymphatic/ Hematological System Flashcards
Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis
Hemoparasitic, infectious and transmissible, reportable
Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, humans (babes)
IMHA: intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies
Causative agents of anaplasmosis
Obligate intracellular parasites of RBCs
A. marginale (marginale: periphery, centrale: center)
A. ovis (anywhere in the RBC
Anaplasmosis distribution
Marginale: worldwide
Ovis: N. America (SE, SW, W cost and great lakes)
Anaplasmosis mode of transmission
Vector (biting insects and ticks)
Iatrogenic (needles, instruments)
CS anaplasmosis
Mild in cattle up to 1y old
Acute but fatal up to 2y old and older cattle
Staggering, abortion in advanced pregnancy, icterus, ↓ GI motility, dark urine
Sheep and goats: asymptomatic
Pathogenesis anaplasmosis
Organism enters blood stream, infects RBCs (20-70% of RBCs infected)
RBCs become opsonized, removed from circulation by macrophages → anemia
DX for anaplasmosis
CS + absence of Hburia
Low PCV, inclusion bodies on blood smear, regenerative anemia
Prevention and control of anaplasmosis
Vaccination
Eliminate chr. carrier state in herd by treating herd with tetras and vector control
Prognosis and tx of anaplasmosis
Guarded if PCV 8-12%, poor if PCV <8%
Tetracyclines, whole blood transfusions
Differences between babesiosis and anaplasmosis
Both: Urine discoloration
Babesiosis: protozoa, Hbnuria, zoonotic
Anaplasmosis: rickettsiae
Babesiosis causes
Protzoan parasites
Large: B. bigemina (worldwide)
Small: B. bovis, more virulent
Mode transmission for babesiosis
Vector (ticks- Dermacentor and Boophilus)
Iatrogenic (needles and instruments)
CS of babesiosis
Cattle: 2-3w after tick infestation → severe anemia, cerebral babesiosis
Sheep and goats: asymptomatic
Horses: fever, hemolytic anemia, icterus
Lesions of babesiosis
Icterus (prominent in horse), splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, urine dark red, blood thin and watery
Dx of babesiosis
Low PCV, and protozoa on blood smear
CF and IFA detect Abs in serum within 7d of infection
Tx of babesiosis
Babesiacides (imidocarb)
Whole blood transfusions
Bovine Leukosis/ Bovine Lymphoma/ Lymphosarcoma
2 main classifications (juvenile and adult), reportable
Retroviridae (RNA virus)
Hosts: cattle
Sporadic lymphosarcoma
Tumors of B and T cells
Juvenile/ calf form: generalized lymphadenopathy in calves 3-6 m (dairy breeds)
Adult lymphosarcoma (enzootic lymphosarcoma)
Tumors of B cells, multiple organ systems
Cattle over 2-4 yr
Most common neoplastic dz of cattle
Transmission of Bovine Leukosis
Contact, blood transmission (biting insects, instruments)
Natural bleeding
Sporadic lymphosarcoma (juvenile)
Weakness with good appetite, pale mm, tachycardia, tachypnea, cough, harsh resp. sounds
Lymphadenopathy (cervical/ parotid LN)
Adult lymphosarcoma
Loss of condition, abrupt drop in milk production, enlarged peripheral noes (pre-scapular, femoral, supramammary), exophthalmos
tumor masses on rectal palpation
Sporadic lymphosarcoma (juvenile) dx
Clin path: leukocytosis, microcytic hypochromic anemia, massive neoplastic infiltration on BM cytology
Adult lymphosarcoma dx
CS and exploratory laparotomy
Confirmatory with AGID test with gp-51
