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Spinal Anatomy > Thoracic Vertebra > Flashcards

Thoracic Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

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2
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

A

Triangular

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3
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

A

Left side of the vertebral body will be flattened and the right side convex

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4
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

Aortic impression

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5
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

Left side of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

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6
Q

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

Posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

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7
Q

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

A

vertebral body height differences

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8
Q

In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

Kyphotic curve

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10
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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11
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

4

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12
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

2

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13
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Typically 4 are identified (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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14
Q

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Typically 10 (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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15
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

A

Costocentral joint

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16
Q

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

4

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17
Q

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

Superior costal demi-facet

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18
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

A

Costocentral stellate/radiate ligament

Costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

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19
Q

The costocentral stellate/ radiate ligament will attach to which segments at the T3 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body of T3

Vertebral body of T4

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20
Q

Which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?

A

Longus colli

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21
Q

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

A

Lateral view

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22
Q

What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

A

Shingling

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23
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

A

Oval or circular

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24
Q

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

A

Transverse plane

Vertebral transverse diameter

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25
Q

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

A

Transverse costal facet

Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

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26
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

A

Superior costotransverse ligament
Inferior costotransverse ligament
Lateral costotransverse ligament

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27
Q

Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum longus
Levator costarum brevis
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28
Q

How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?

A

T2-T4: the width between the superior articular process is greater than the width between the inferior articular process of that vertebra
T5-T8: the width between the superior articular process is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra

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29
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

They face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

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30
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

They face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

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31
Q

How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?

A

10

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32
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

A

6

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33
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?

A

Imbrication

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34
Q

Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?

A

T5-T8

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35
Q

Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?

A

T8

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36
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

A

Undersurface of T2-T4 processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
Undersurface of T5-T8 processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

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37
Q

Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major
Serratus posterior superior
Splenius cervicis
Splenius capitis
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
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38
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T1?

A

Fibrous (amphiathrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia joint)
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) only as variation

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39
Q

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint of T1?

A

Transverse costal facet

Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

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40
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of T1?

A

Inferior costotransverse ligament

Lateral costotransverse ligament

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41
Q

What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1?

A

Superior costotransverse ligament

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42
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament of the transvere process of T1 will attach to which rib?

A

2nd rib

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43
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of T1?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum brevis
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44
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1?

A

They face backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

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45
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of T1?

A

They face forward, downward, medial (ForMeD)

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46
Q

How many synovial joints are present at T1?

A

10

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47
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T1?

A 
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Serratus posterior superior
Splenius capitis
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
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48
Q

Which muscles attach to the transverse process of T9?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum longus
Levator costarum brevis
49
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T9?

A

10

50
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T9?

A 
2 superior costal demi-facets
2 inferior costal demi-facets
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets
2 transverse costal facets
51
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are typically present on T9?

A

6

52
Q

What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T9?

A

Shorter and more horizontal

53
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
54
Q

Which muscles are conspicuously absent at the T9 spinous process?

A

Spinalis

Semispinalis

55
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?

A

2

56
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10?

A

2

57
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?

A

Typically 4 are identified (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

58
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10?

A

Typically 8 (12 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

59
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?

A

Inferior costal demi-facets

60
Q

Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of the spine?

A

T10

61
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament of the T10 transverse process will attach to which rib?

A

11th rib

62
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of T10?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum longus
Levator costarum brevis
63
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T10?

A

2 superior costal facets
2 transverse costal facets
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets

64
Q

Which rib related facet is absent on T10?

A

Inferior costal demi-facet

65
Q

A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often a characteristic of the location of which segment?

A

T10

66
Q

What mucles attach to the spinous process of T10?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
67
Q

Which erector spinae muscles will not attach to the spinous process of T10?

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

68
Q

What joint classifications are present at T10?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

69
Q

What is the name given to T11?

A

Anticlinal vertebrae

70
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?

A

Kidney-shaped or reniform

71
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11?

A

Typically 8 (12 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

72
Q

Which ligaments of the costocentral joint is absent for the 11th rib?

A

Costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

73
Q

Which vertebrae is the largest segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet?

A

T10

74
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T11?

A

Superior costotransverse
Slightly developed inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse

75
Q

Which costotransverse ligaments are absent at T11?

A

Capsular costotransverse ligament

76
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of T11?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum brevis
77
Q

Which segment will be the last to demonstrate an attachment for the levator costarum longus?

A

T10

78
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T11?

A

6

79
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T11?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior inferior
Iliocostalis lumborum
Spinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
80
Q

At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach?

A

T9

T10

81
Q

Which muscles of the 5 layers of the true back are present at the spinous process of T11?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior inferior
Iliocostalis lumborum
Spinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
82
Q

How many synovial joints are formed with the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

83
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

84
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

Typically 8 (10 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

85
Q

Which muscles attaching to the T11 spinous process would be representative of layer four?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum

Spinalis thoracis

86
Q

What joint classifications are present at T11?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

87
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

Kyphotic curve

88
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T12?

A

Fibrous (amohiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

89
Q

What muscles are attached to the vertebral body of T12?

A

Psoas major

Psoas minor

90
Q

What does the lateral tubercle of T12 represent?

A

Transverse process

91
Q

What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?

A

Mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae

92
Q

What does the inferior tubercle of T12 represent?

A

Accessory process of lumbar vertebrae

93
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the 12th rib?

A

Superior costotransverse ligament from T11

Lumbocostal ligament from L1

94
Q

Which costotrasnverse ligaments are attached to T12?

A

None

95
Q

Which costotransverse ligaments lack an attachment to T12?

A

Capsular costotransverse
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse

96
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?

A 
Longissimus thoracis
Semispinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Intertransversarii
97
Q

Which rib-associated muscle is absent at the transverse process region of T12?

A

Levator costarum

98
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?

A

T11

99
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?

A

T10

100
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular surface of T12?

A

Backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

101
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

Forward, downward, lateral (FoLD)

102
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T12?

A

6

103
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present at T12?

A

2 superior costal facets
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets

104
Q

Which muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior inferior
iliocostalis lumborum
Spinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
105
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to the T12 spinous process?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum

106
Q

Which muscle attaching to the T12 spinous process are representative of layer 3?

A

Serratus posterior inferior

107
Q

What joint classifications are present at T12?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia

108
Q

Which muscles attach tot he vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Longus colli
Psoas major
Psoas minor

109
Q

Which thoracic segments will have muscles attaching to their vertebral bodies?

A

T1-T3

T12

110
Q

Which thoracic segment is the last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis?

A

T11

111
Q

Which thoracic segment is first to demonstrate the attchment of the levator costarum longus?

A

T7

112
Q

Which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus?

A

T10

113
Q

Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor will attach to the spinous process of which thoracics?

A

T1 only

114
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior superior?

A

T1-T3

115
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior inferior?

A

T11-T12

116
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the splenius muscles?

A

T1-T6

117
Q

Which thoracics demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

T11-T12

118
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae lack any spinalis muscle group attachment on their spinous process?

A

T9-T10

119
Q

Which thoracic is the last to demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the semispinalis?

A

T6

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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