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Spinal Anatomy > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

Excluding the auditory ossicles, how many bones form the skull?

A

22 bones

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2
Q

How many bones form the neurocranium?

A

8 bones

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3
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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4
Q

How many bones form the facial skeleton?

A

14 bones

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5
Q

What bones form the facial skeleton?

A 
Mandible
Vomer
Nasal
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal concha
Palatine
Zygomatic
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6
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints joints based on Latin groupings?

A

Suture
Gomphosis
Schindylesis
Syndesmosis

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7
Q

What were the five types of suture based on Latin groupings?

A 
Serrate
Denticulate
Limbous
Squamous
Harmonia
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

Sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

Sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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10
Q

What were the ossifications of sutura vera (true sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

Serrate
Denticulate
Limbous

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11
Q

What were the classifications of sutura notha (false sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

Squamous

Harmonia

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12
Q

What are the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

Cruciate suture made of the intermaxillary, interpalatine, palato-maxillary sutures

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13
Q

What are the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

Sphenoid-ethmoid-vomer articulation

Palatine-maxila-vomer articulation

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14
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

Maxilla - root of tooth

Mandible - root of tooth

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15
Q

What are the five views of the skull called?

A 
Norma verticalis
Norma frontalis
Norma occiptalis
Norma lateralis
Norma basalis
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16
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

Anterior fontanelle

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17
Q

What is the posterior fontanelle?

A

Diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones

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18
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

Posterior fontanelle

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19
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

Piriform aperture

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20
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

Canine eminence

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21
Q

What forms the bullet-like chin?

A

Large mental protuberance

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22
Q

What forms the indented chin?

A

Well developed bilateral mental tubercles

Slight mental protuberance

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23
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

Inion

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24
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Frontal

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25
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

Nasion
Vertex
Inion
Gnathion

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26
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

Nasion
Vertex
Inion

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27
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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28
Q

What passes through the formen cecum?

A

Emissary vein

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29
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Lesser wings of sphenoid
Anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid
Sphenoidal jugum of sphenoid

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30
Q

What are the parts of the sella turcica?

A 
Anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid
Sphenoidal jugum of sphenoid
Posterior clinoid processes of sphenoid
Dorsum sella of sphenoid
Hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid
31
Q

What neuronal structure is located in front of the hypophysis cerebri or pituitary?

A

Optic chiasmata

32
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic arerty

33
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A 
Ophthalmic veins
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Abducent nerve
34
Q

Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?

A

Superior orbital fissure

35
Q

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve Vb)

36
Q

What will the foramen ovale communicate with?

A

Middle cranial fossa

Infratemporal region

37
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (Vc)

Lesser petrosal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

38
Q

What will the foramen spinosum communicate with?

A

Middle cranial fossa

Infratemporal region

39
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

Nervus spinosus from mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Middle meningeal artery

40
Q

What will the foramen lacerum communicate with in the living person?

A

Crosses between parts of the middle cranial fossa; not a major exit from the skull

41
Q

What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

Internal cartotid artery
Carotid sympathetic nerve plexus
Venous plexus

42
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for the greater (superifical) petrosal nerve?

A

Greater (superficial) petrosal nerve branch of facial nerve

43
Q

What will the vidian cana/pterygoid canal communicate with?

A

Middle cranial fossa

Pterygopalatine fossa

44
Q

What opening allows a branch of cranial nerve VII to enter the pterygopalatine fossa from the middle cranial fossa?

A

Vidian canal/pterygoid canal

45
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

Lesser petrosal nerve branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

46
Q

How will the lesser petrosal nerve typically exit the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen ovale

47
Q

What will the foramen ovale communicate with?

A

Middle cranial fossa

Infratemporal region

48
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

49
Q

What part of the cerebellum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

None; the tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebelllum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

50
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata

51
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Cranial nerves VII (facial) & VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Nervus intermedius nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and motor root of VII
Vestibular & cochlear root of VIII
Internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

52
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

Jugular bulb
Inferior petrosal sinus
Tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus
Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory)

53
Q

What is the jugular bulb?

A

Venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular vein

54
Q

What is the function of the jugular body/jugular glomus?

A

Chemoreceptive organ that monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia and increases hydrogen ions

55
Q

What will the hypoglossal canal communicate with?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

Neck

56
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
57
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

Internal carotid artery branches

External carotid artery branches

58
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

59
Q

Which ventral rami nerves and cord levels or origin supply the scalp?

A

Greater auricular nerve - C2 & C3 ventral rami branches

Lesser occipital nerve - C2 (C3) ventral rami branches

60
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch supplies the scalp?

A

Greater occipital nerve - C2 & C3 communicating ramus

61
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

Orbicularis oris
Procerus
Risorius

62
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

Branchial efferent (BE)

63
Q

Most of the seventh cranial will exit the skull via what opening?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

64
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

65
Q

The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

Superior wall of the orbit

66
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

67
Q

What are the openings located along the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Anterior ethmoid foramen

Posterior ethmoid foramen

68
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lamina papyracea

69
Q

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

70
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A 
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal
Ophthalmic veins
71
Q

What openings are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

72
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

73
Q

Identify the openings found along each wall of the orbit.

A

Superior wall = optic canal
Medial wall = anterior & posterior ethmoid foramen
Lateral wall = superior orbital fissure
Inferior wall = inferior orbital fissure

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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