Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis Flashcards
What is the definition of spondylosis?
Vertebral condition
What is the definition of spondylolysis?
Vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage
What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?
Vertebral slippage
What is the current limited definition of spondylosis
Vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related
What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal 2?
Separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)
What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?
Range of 2.6% to 10%
What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?
Native Alaskan (Inuit) population
What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?
Uniquely human upright stance or erect posture
What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
Men at L5/S1
Women at L4/L5
Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?
Fetuses Newborns Rarely in children under 5 years old Patients who have never walked Non-erect species
Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?
Familial association Spina bifida occulta Racial/ethnic disparities Gender and locational bias Youthful incidence Activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine
What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
10-20 years old
What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?
Gymnastics
Dance
Soccer
What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?
Hyperextension coupled with rotation
What has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?
Spondylolysis ligament
What types of neural functions have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?
Nociception
Neuromodulation
Autonomic function
What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?
Scotty dog
What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?
Collared Scotty dog
In oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?
Neck of the Scotty dog
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of the Scotty dog?
Pedicle
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?
Superior articular process
What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the nose of the Scotty dog?
Transverse process
What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?
Rare, congenital, gender biased towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida
What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Rare in general population
Typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population
Acquired
Gender biased towards men
Most common at S1
Linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning
What is the incidence of sacral spondylolysis in the general population?
Rare
Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital conditions, acquired conditions or an age-related conditions?
Acquired
What is the ethnic, gender, and locational bias associated with sacral spondylolysis?
Native Alaskan (Inuit) male at S1 level
Identify all names given to type III spondylolisthesis?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis
What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?
L5 or upper sacral segments
What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?
Spina bifida occulta
Nerve root compression of the S1 nerve
Which subtype of type II spondylolisthesis is stressed in Spinal II?
Lytic spondylolisthesis or stress fracture induced spondylolisthesis
What is the cause most frequently given for type II spondylolisthesis?
Microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation
What is the age group typically associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
Teenagers or young adults
What gender bias, locational bias, ans spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common to men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal cord
What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
What causes type IV spondylolisthesis
Fracture of the neural arch components
What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?
Bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta
