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Spinal Anatomy > Intervertebral Foramen > Flashcards

Intervertebral Foramen Flashcards

1
Q

What determines the length of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Width of pedicle

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2
Q

What is the average height of the intervertebral foramen?

A

About 13mm

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3
Q

What percentage of total vertebral column length does “true” intervertebral foramina height from C2-S1 equal?

A

40%

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4
Q

What are the generic contents of the intervetebral foramen?

A

Neural tissue
Connective tissue
Vascular tissue
Lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

What are the medullary feeder arteries?

A

Enlarged radicular arteries which join the arterial vasa corona to provide blood for the spinal cord

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6
Q

What is the name of the largest medullary feeder artery?

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz or the arteria radicalis magna anterior

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the Artery of Adamkiewicz?

A

It is a left side, anterior medullary feeder artery, located in the T9/T10 intervertebral foramen, and the primary vascular supply to the lumbar enlargement

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8
Q

What venous plexus lies next to the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus

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9
Q

What will the intervertebral veins drain into?

A

External vertebral venous plexus or Batson’s plexus

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10
Q

What is a unique histological feature of the veins of the vertebral column?

A

They appear to lack valves

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11
Q

What size lymphatic vessels lie in the intervertebral foramen?

A

Medium sized lymphatics

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12
Q

What types of connective tissue will be present in the intervertebral foramen?

A

Adipose tissue

Loose areolar connective tissue

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13
Q

What parts of the cervical vertebra will modify the intervertebral foramen?

A

Lateral groove

Uncinate process

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14
Q

What happens to the cervical nerve roots between their origin from the spinal cord and exit from the intervertebral foramen?

A

They descend along the spinal cord

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15
Q

What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine nerve root characteristics?

A

Length of the nerve root increases as it descends from its apparent origin on the spinal cord, but the cross-sectional area of the nerve root decreases

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16
Q

What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine intervertebral foramen size?

A

Cross-sectional area diminishes after age 50

17
Q

What are the specific attachment sites for a cervical spinal nerve?

A

Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus on the costotransverse bar & the vertebral artery

18
Q

What contributes to the anterior boundary of the thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

Costocentral joint

19
Q

Which are the largest spinal nerves?

A

L5 and S1 spinal nerves

20
Q

What increases the length of the intervertebral foramen at L5?

A

Lumbosacral tunnel

21
Q

What forms the lumbosacral tunnel?

A

Lumbosacral ligament
Transverse process of L5
Sacral ala

22
Q

What condition is the result of encroachment on the L5 spinal nerve?

A

Far out syndrome

23
Q

What ligament may contribute to the loss of size in the lumbar intervertebral foramen?

A

Transforaminal ligament

24
Q

What is the relationship between intervertebral disc herniation and lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Intervertebral disc above the intervertebral foramen is usually the source of damage

25
Q

What is unusual about the sacral intervertebral foramen compared to other intervertebral foramina?

A

Completely osseous boundary exists

26
Q

What is more likely the cause of nerve irritation of the sacral intervertebral foramen?

A

The tilt or position of the entire sacrum relative to the pelvis

27
Q

What is the relationship of lumbar nerve root size to intervertebral foramen size above L4?

A

Nerve root size will account for less than 22% of the available size

28
Q

What is unique about the relationship of spinal nerve to intervertebral foramen at S5-Co1?

A

There are two nerves present, S5 nerve & Co1 nerve

29
Q

What are some examples of destructive lesions of the vertebral body?

A

Tuberculosis
Hemangiomas
Osteoporosis

30
Q

What are examples of osteophyte formation that influence the intervertebral foramen?

A

Bony spurs of the vertebral body

Para-articular processes on the lamina

31
Q

What are examples of acquired alterations of the spinal curves identified in class?

A

Obesity
Pregnancy
Use of heavy backpacks

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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