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Spinal Anatomy > Lumbar Vertebra > Flashcards

Lumbar Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology?

A

L1 & L5

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2
Q

What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5?

A 
Vertebral body
Pedicle
Articular process
Transverse process
Spinous process
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3
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

Reniform or kidney-shaped

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4
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features?

A

Anterior (lordotic)

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5
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

Vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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6
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

A

Decrease in height & increase in circumference

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7
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

4

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8
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on a vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

6

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9
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

None

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10
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

2

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11
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

4

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12
Q

What muscles may attach to the first lumbar vertebral body?

A

Psoas major

Psoas minor

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13
Q

What muscle may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body?

A

Psoas major

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14
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12

L1

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15
Q

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

Transforaminal ligaments

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16
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

Corporotransverse ligaments

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17
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified?

A

Superior corporotransverse

Inferior corporotransverse

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18
Q

What are the types of Hofmann ligaments?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Proximal root sleeve

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19
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

Cervical - upper thoracics

Lumbars

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20
Q

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

Dura mater to segments above

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21
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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22
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic Hoffmann ligaments?

A

Resist caudal movement of the dural sac

Resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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23
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

Dura mater to lower segmental levels

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24
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

Resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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25
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament?

A

Resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

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26
Q

What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar?

A

Posterior

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27
Q

The pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

Upper third or half of the vertebral body

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28
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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29
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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30
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A

Overlap of the laminae - shingling - diminishes

Overlap of spinous processes - imbrication - diminishes

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31
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

Triangular

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32
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?

A

Transverse

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33
Q

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?

A

Cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics smallest

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34
Q

What part of the central nervous system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

Conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

35
Q

What part of the peripheral nervous system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

Cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

36
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

Each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length

37
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

Accessory process

38
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

39
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

40
Q

What parts of the vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

Mammillary process and accessory process of the same ligament

41
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

Medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

42
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

Longissimus thoracis

Intertransversarii

43
Q

What muscles mat attach to the trasnverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A 
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Longissimus thoracis
Rotator brevis
Rotator longus
Intertransversarii
44
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

Lumbocostal
Mammillo-accessory
Intertransverse

45
Q

What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

46
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

A

Zygapophysis
Lamina
Spinous process

47
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

Vertebral body

Pedicle

48
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Typically concave

49
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Significant convexity

50
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process?

A

Multifidis

Intertransversarii

51
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior process and transverse process?

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

52
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

Medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

53
Q

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular process?

A

Transforaminal ligaments

54
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis?

A

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

55
Q

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

4

56
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?

A

Lies in the coronal plane

57
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in the adult?

A

Sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4

Coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

58
Q

What is the name given to the zygapophysis between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

A

Joint symmetry

59
Q

What names are given tot eh condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?

A

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

60
Q

Define or describe joint tropism

A

Condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position

61
Q

What is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

62
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A 
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior inferior
Iliocostalis lumborum
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
63
Q

What is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

Anterior height is greater than the posterior height by several millimeters; it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-ray view

64
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present at the fifth lumbar vertebral body?

A

None

65
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the L5 vertebral body?

A

4

66
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the fifth lumbar?

A

6

67
Q

How mnay cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of L5?

A

2

68
Q

What muscle will attach to the fifth lumbar vertebral body?

A

Psoas major

69
Q

What are the attachment sites of the superior corporotransverse ligaments at the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen?

A

L4 vertebral body and L4-L5 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5

70
Q

What are the attachment sites of the inferior corporotransverse ligaments at the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen?

A

L5 vertebral body and L5-S1 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5

71
Q

What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle mat be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment?

A

On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region

72
Q

What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?

A

It is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse plane

73
Q

What accounts for the shortness of the L5 transverse process?

A

The innominate bones diminish the available space in the transverse plane

74
Q

What parts of the lumbar transverse are homologus to the cervical transverse process parts?

A

L transverse tubercle = C anterior tubercle
L transverse process = C costal element
L accessory process = C posterior tubercle
L transverse process origin = C true transverse process

75
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of the fifth thoracic vertebra?

A 
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Longissimus thoracis
Rotator brevis
Rotator longus
Intertrasnversarii
76
Q

What ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

Lumbosacral
Iliolumbar
Mammillo-accessory

77
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar superior articular facet?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Typically concave

78
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Significant convexity

79
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

80
Q

What muscles will attach to the fifth lumbar spinous process?

A 
Latissimus dorsi
Iliocostalis lumborum
Longissimus thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
81
Q

How many synovial joints are maximally observed at each lumbar vertebra?

A

L1-L5 = 4 each

82
Q

How many joints are traditionally observed at each lumbar vertebral body?

A

L1-L5 = 6 each

83
Q

What is the inferior articular facet orientation at each lumbar vertebra?

A

L1-L5 = forward, downward, lateral (FoLD)

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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