THORACIC SPINE Flashcards
LORDOTIC curves
cervical
lumbar
KYPHOTIC curves
thoracic
sacral
what is different about the T-spine?
stronger than c-spine
bodies = thicker & heavier (hold up more weight)
bodies have costal facets / demifacets (head of ribs)
TVPs = longer & larger, also have costal facet (ribs T1-T10)
typical vs. atypical vertebrae
TYPICAL: T2-T8
ATYPICAL: T1, T9, T10, T11, T12
what is atypical about T1?
superior facet for rib 1
inferior demifacet for rib 2
what is atypical about T9?
only one superior demifacet (T2-T8 have two)
what is atypical about T10, T11 &T12?
SP = shorter & broader
TVP T11 & T12 do not have costal facets
T10, T11, T12 have superior facet for head of rib
COSTAL CARTILAGE
-smooth, elastic, resilient CT
-connects ribs to sternum at front of chest
-made of cartilage cells in glycoprotein matrix strengthened by collagen
-contributes to elasticity in walls of thorax allowing chest to expand & retract during breathing
true ribs
(vertebrosternal)
ribs 1-7
connect directly to sternum via costal cartilage
false ribs
(vertebrochondral)
ribs 8-10
do not connect directly to sternum - share costal cartilage (of rib 7)
floating ribs
(vertebral)
ribs 11 & 12
not connected to sternum
sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
manubrium
-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-suprasternal / jugular notch
-sternal angle
-costal notch
-clavicular notch
what rib attaches to the sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)?
rib 2
body (sternum)
-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-sternal angle
-costal notches
where is the infrasternal angle?
at xiphoid process
the xiphisternal joint is also called…
subcostal joint
xiphoid process
-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, lateral border
-costal notches
FACET JOINT type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding, flexion, some lateral flexion with rotation
INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT type & movements
cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, some rotation
COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS type & movements
(rib to body)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)
COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINTS type & movements
(rib to TVP)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)
STERNOCOSTAL JOINT (1ST RIB) type & movements
cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis
no movements
STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS (2-7 RIBS) type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
slight gliding
COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS type & movements
cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis
slight movement
MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT forms…
sternal angle / sternal angle of Louis
MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT type & movements
cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
slight flexion & extension (during breathing)
XIPHISTERNAL JOINT forms…
infrasternal angle
XIPHISTERNAL JOINT type & movements
cartilaginous, synchondrosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
slight flexion & extension
ligaments (in order)
ALL
PLL
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous
ranges of motion in T-spine
flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation
LAYER 1 (most superficial)
trapezius, latissimus dorsi
LAYER 2
levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor
LAYER 3
serratus posterior superior & inferior
LAYER 4
splenius capitis & cervicis
LAYER 5
erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
LAYER 6 (deepest layer)
transversospinalis group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
rotatores are MOST present in…
THORACIC spine
intercostals
external
internal
innermost
intercostals FUNCTION
aid in posture & respiration
thoracolumbar fascia
-deep investing membrane throughout posterior thoracic & abdominal regions
-encloses most intrinsic back muscles
-comprised of CT made of crosshatched collagen fibers & is extremely strong
attachment point for muscles
