LUMBAR SPINE Flashcards
typical vs. atypical lumbar vertebrae
TYPICAL: L1-L4
ATYPICAL: L5
mammillary process
L1-L4
differentiates these vertebrae from all other spinal vertebrae
what is atypical about L5
-transitional vertebrae
-body = largest of all lumbar vertebrae
-TVP = thick, short & pyramidal shaped
-TVP attached to body & pedicle
-SP = short, with rounded tip
LUMBAR LIGAMENTS
ALL
PLL
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous
where does the spinal cord end & what does it become?
ends at L1/L2
becomes CAUDA EQUINA (“horse tail”)
2 joints in lumbar spine
facet joints (between vertebral arches)
intervertebral joints (between vertebral bodies)
FACET JOINTS type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding, flexion, extension, some lateral flexion with rotation
FACET JOINTS articular surfaces
inferior condylar facet of superior vertebrae
superior condylar facet of inferior vertebrae
INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS type & movements
cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, TRIAXIAL
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, some rotation
INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS articular surfaces
inferior body of superior vertebrae
superior body of inferior vertebrae
intervertebral disc
iliolumbar ligaments
ligaments that protect lumbosacral joint (joint between lumbar spine & sacrum)
-fan like ligament that spans from TVP of L5 to ilium of pelvis
lumbar spine extension coupled with …
SACRAL NUTATION (anterior sacral tilt / sacral flexion)
lumbar spine flexion coupled with …
SACRAL COUNTERNUTATION (posterior sacral tilt / sacral flexion)
abdominal muscles
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis (most superficial)
transverse abdominis (deepst)
PYRAMIDALIS
O: pubic crest
I: linea alba
A: tenses linea alba
N: subcostal nerve
*absent in ~20% of population
