ANKLE & FOOT ~ MUSCLES Flashcards
2 intrinsic foot muscles on dorsal surface of foot
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis
LAYER 1 (plantar foot muscles)
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
LAYER 2 (plantar foot muscles)
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
LAYER 3 (plantar foot muscles)
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi
adductor hallucis
LAYER 4 (plantar foot muscles)
plantar interossei
dorsal interossei
1st toe flexion
flexor hallucis longus & brevis
toe 2-5 flexion
flexor digitorum longus & brevis
lumbricals
1st toe extension
extensor hallucis longus & brevis
toe 2-5 extension
extensor digitorum longus & brevis
ABDUCTION
dorsal interossei
ADDUCTION
plantar interossei
common fibular nerve
lateral & anterior leg
tibial nerve
posterior thigh & leg
PLANTAR FASCIA
-flat, thick band of connective tissue
-connects calcaneus to ligaments around heads of metatarsals
-supports arch on bottom of foot, very strong
PLANTAR FASCIITIS
if plantar fascia is stretched/ overworked & becomes inflamed
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
O: dorsal surface of calcaneus, lateral side
I: lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus to 2-4 digits
A: extends MTP joints 2-4 digits, assist in extending IP joints
N: deep peroneal nerve
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
O: distal part of superior & lateral surface of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, apex of inferior extensor retinaculum
I: dorsal surface, base of proximal phalanx great toe
A: extend MTP joint of great toe
N: deep peroneal nerve
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
O: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
I: medial side, base of proximal phalanx of great toe, some fibers attached to medial sesamoid bone
A: ABD, assist in flexion of MTP joint great toe, assist ADD forefoot
N: medial plantar nerve
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
O: calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: ABD 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve
FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
O: medial process calcaneal tuberosity
I: middle phalanges 2-5 digits
A: flex proximal IP joints 2-5 digits, assist in flexion of MTP joints
N: medial plantar nerve
QUADRATUS PLANTAE
O: medial side: medial surface calcaneus & medial border long plantar ligament
O: lateral side: lateral border of plantar surface calcaneus & lateral border of long plantar ligament
I: lateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
A: modifies line of pull of flexor digitorum longus, assist in flexion 2-5 digits
N: lateral plantar nerve
LUMBRICALS (4)
O: 1 - medial side 1st FDLT
O: 2 - adjacent side 1st & 2nd FDLT
O: 3 - adjacent side 2nd & 3rd FDLT
O: 4 - adjacent side 3rd & 4th FDLT
I: medial side of proximal phalanx & dorsal expansion of extensor digitorum longus tendon of 2-5 digits
A: flex MTP joints, assist in extending IP joints 2-5 digits
N: #1 mm belly: medial plantar nerve
N: #2-4 mm belly: lateral plantar nerve
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
O: cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform, tendon of tibialis posterior
I: medial & lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx great toe
A: flex MTP joint great toe
N: medial plantar nerve
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
O: base of 5th metatarsal & distal tendon peroneus longus
I: base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
A: flex MTP 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
O: oblique head - bases 2-4 metatarsals & tendon peroneus longus
O: transverse head - plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments 3-5 digits
I: lateral side, base proximal phalanx great toe
A: ADD, assist in flexion MTP joint great toe
N: lateral plantar nerve
PLANTAR INTEROSSEI (3)
O: bases & medial sides of bodies 3-5 metatarsals
I: bases & medial sides proximal phlanges same digit
A: ADD 3-5 digits toward axial line through 2nd digit, assist flexion MTP joints, may extend IP joints 3-5 digits
N: lateral plantar nerve
DORSAL INTEROSSEI (4)
O: in between metatarsals
I: sides of proximal phalanx & capsule of MTP joint
I: 1 - medial side 2nd digit
I: 2-4 - lateral sides 2-4 digits
A: ABD 2-4 digits from axial line through 2nd digit, assist flexion MTP joints, may extend IP joints 2-4 digits
N: lateral plantar nerve
