KINESIOLOGY

Question 1

KINETICS

Answer 1

forces that produce / resist body movements

Question 2

KINEMATICS

Answer 2

types of motion, direction of motion, amount of motion

Question 3

OSTEOKINEMATICS

Answer 3

movement of bones

Question 4

ARTHROKINEMATICS

Answer 4

movement of joints
(articular surfaces)

Question 5

fixed point/ lever / axis is called a …

Answer 5

FULCRUM (A)

Question 6

what is a mechanical lever?

Answer 6

rigid structure that moves around a fixed point / axis

Question 7

two forces acting upon a fulcrum

Answer 7

LOAD: resistance force / load (R)
EFFORT: moving / holding force (F)

Question 8

effort causes …

Answer 8

movement
force of muscular contraction

Question 9

load …

Answer 9

resistance, opposes movement
weight of body part being moved / weight of something being lifted

Question 10

what is the lever in the human body?

Answer 10

BONE / body segment

Question 11

what is the fulcrum in the human body?

Answer 11

axis / JOINT

Question 12

what is the effort / force in the human body?

Answer 12

muscle contracting

Question 13

what is the load / resistance in the human body?

Answer 13

weight of body part (gravity) / weight of something being lifted

Question 14

FIRST CLASS LEVER

Answer 14

fulcrum = in between effort & load
EX: atlanto-occipital joint

Question 15

SECOND CLASS LEVER

Answer 15

load = in between fulcrum & effort
EX: standing on balls of feet

Question 16

THIRD CLASS LEVER

Answer 16

effort = in between fulcrum & load
EX: bicep curl

Question 17

TORQUE

Answer 17

force applied around axis that produces rotational joint motion
-muscles create torques (forces) that turn / lift our limbs

Question 18

3 main types of movement that occur

Answer 18

roll
slide / glide
spin
(ex. KNEE = all 3 types)

Question 19

CONCAVE

Answer 19

hollow / rounded inward

Question 20

CONVEX

Answer 20

curved / rounded outward

Question 21

OPEN KINETIC CHAIN

Answer 21

distal segment = free to move

Question 22

CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN

Answer 22

distal segment = weight bearing

Question 23

AGONIST

Answer 23

-primary mover
-principle muscle producing movement
-may produce: concentric, eccentric, isometric contraction

Question 24

ANTAGONIST

Answer 24

-opposing action of prime mover
-usually inactive during activity
-allows prime mover action

Question 25

SYNERGIST

Answer 25

-contracts at same time as agonist
-may act as helper / stabilizer

Question 26

6 types of joints

Answer 26

plane
saddle
hinge
pivot
ball & socket
condyloid

Question 27

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

Answer 27

muscle contraction with NO length change

Question 28

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

Answer 28

muscle contraction WITH length change
(concentric & eccentric)

Question 29

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION

Answer 29

muscle shortens

Question 30

ECCENTRIC

Answer 30

muscle lengthens

Question 31

CENTER OF GRAVITY (CoG)

Answer 31

anterior to S2 vertebrae