thoracic cavity + spine

Question 1

which ribs are atypical

Answer 1

1,2,10,11,12

Question 2

which membrane is closest to wall of the cavity/ribs and which is closets to the organ?

Answer 2

wall - parietal
organ - visceral

Question 3

what is the serous cavity + function

Answer 3

-fluid filled cavity between parietal and visceral layers
-allows 2 layers to rub without friction - allows lungs to expand

Question 4

what movement on rib cage do external intercostals do

Answer 4

increase rib cage diameter

Question 5

what movement on rib cage do internal intercostals do

Answer 5

decrease rib cage diameter

Question 6

what movement on rib cage do innermost intercostals do

Answer 6

decrease rib cage diameter

Question 7

what is the neurovascular bundle comprised of and function

Answer 7

-nerve, artery, vein
-provide nutrients and innervation to intercostal muscles
-protected by costal groove

Question 8

unilateral + bilateral action + innervation of erector spinae group

Answer 8

uni - side flex
bi - extension
innervation - spinal nerve

Question 9

unilateral, bilateral, innervation of transversospinalis muscle group

Answer 9

uni - rotation, some side flex
bi - extend (not as much as erector spinae)
innervation - spinal nerve

Question 10

why do cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous process

Answer 10

increase SA for attachment for ligamentum nuchae

Question 11

what goes through the transverse foramen

Answer 11

vertebral artery

Question 12

what movement does obliquely facing spinous processes allow

Answer 12

movement in all directions

Question 13

what connects to the demifacets of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 13

head of rib

Question 14

what motion does posterior and anterior facing articular facets permit in thoracic spine

Answer 14

rotation and side bend

Question 15

what connects to the facet on transverse process

Answer 15

tubercle of rib

Question 16

what motion does inward or outward facing articular facets allow in lumbar spine

Answer 16

flexion and extension

Question 17

feature of vertebral disc that prevents separation in all directions

Answer 17

fibres of concentric lamellae in annulus fibrosus run in opposite directions

Question 18

function of annulus fibrosus

Answer 18

limits movement to prevent separation of spine

Question 19

what is the nucleus pulposus

Answer 19

jelly substance inner layer that moves with compression

Question 20

function of nucleus pulposus

Answer 20

distributes pressure from compression of spine

Question 21

function of coccyx

Answer 21

many muscles and ligaments attach there

Question 22

costovertebral joint

Answer 22

head of rib to superior and inferior demifacets of thoracic vertebra

Question 23

sternocostal joint

Answer 23

sternum to costal cartilage of ribs

Question 24

costochondral joint

Answer 24

rib to costal cartilage

Question 25

costotransverse joint

Answer 25

tubercle of rib to transverse process

Question 26

atlantio-occipital joint and motion

Answer 26

occipital condyles to C1
yes nod - flexion and extension

Question 27

atlantoaxial joint and motion

Answer 27

dens of axis to facet for dens on atlas
rotation

Question 28

ligamentum flavum function

Answer 28

connect lamina to lamina of vertebrae

Question 29

posterior longitudinal ligament function

Answer 29

prevent flexion
limit hyperflexion

Question 30

anterior longitudinal ligament function

Answer 30

prevent extension
limit hyperextension

Question 31

supraspinous ligament function

Answer 31

prevent flexion

Question 32

interspinous ligament function

Answer 32

prevent flexion

Question 33

which intercostal muscles cover posterior aspect of thoracic cavity

Answer 33

external intercostals

Question 34

which intercostal muscles cover the anterior aspect of thoracic cavity

Answer 34

internal intercostals

Question 35

which intercostal muscles only cover lateral aspect of thoracic cavity

Answer 35

innermost intercostals

Question 36

where do all intercostal muscles overlap

Answer 36

lateral aspect