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ANA126 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

classification of epithelium

A
  1. number of cell layers
  2. shape of cells at surface
  3. surface specializations
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2
Q

classification by number of cell layers

A

simple: one cell layer
stratified: multiple cell layers

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3
Q

general function/location for simple epithelial tissue

A

found at sites of transfer

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4
Q

general function/location for stratified epithelial tissue

A

where protection is needed

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5
Q

classification by shape of cells

A

squamous: flat
cuboidal: cubes (same height as width)
columnar: tall

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6
Q

general function for squamous epithelium

A

good for fast passage through

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7
Q

general function for cuboidal epithelium

A

absorption + secretion

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8
Q

general function for columnar epithelium

A

protection, absorption + secretion

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9
Q

classification by surface specializations

A

microvilli
cilia
goblet cells

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10
Q

microvilli appearance + function

A

short projections - increase surface area

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11
Q

cilia appearance + function

A

long projections (brushlike) - move mucus + particles across surface

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12
Q

simple squamous epithelia function

A

-lines surfaces involved in passive transport
-filtration
-diffusion
-secretion

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13
Q

simple squamous epithelia locations

A

-endothelium - cardiovascular + lymphatic systems
-mesothelium - serous membranes of abdominal + thoracic cavities
- alveoli
-glomerular capsule of kidneys

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14
Q

simple cuboidal epithelia function

A

absorption + secretion

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15
Q

simple cuboidal epithelia locations

A

-ovary surface
-surface of eye lens
-kidney tubules
-ducts
-secretory portion of glands

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16
Q

simple squamous epithelia appearance

A

single layer flat cells, flattened nucleus

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17
Q

simple cuboidal epithelia appearance

A

single layer cube cells, round central nucleus

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18
Q

nonciliated simple columnar epithelia appearance

A

single layer column cells, oval nucleus near base, all nucleus lined up, microvilli, goblet cells

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19
Q

nonciliated simple columnar epithelia function

A

-high rate of absorption + secretion
-mucus from goblet cells provides lubrication
-provides some protection

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20
Q

nonciliated simple columnar epithelia locations

A

-lines digestive canal from stomach to anus
-ducts of glands
-gallbladder
-fallopian tubes

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21
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelia appearance

A

single layer column cells, oval nucleus near base, all nucleus lined up, goblet cells, cili at apical surface

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22
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelia function

A

-moves mucus + foreign particles out of respiratory tract
-moves oocytes through uterine tubes

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23
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelia locations

A

-respiratory tract (bronchioles)
-uterine tubes, uterus
-central canal of spinal cord
-ventricles of brain
-paranasal sinuses

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24
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia appearance

A

-single layer
-all cells attached to basement membrane
-not all cells reach apical surface
-nuclei of cells are not lined up
-contains goblet cells + cilia

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25
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia function
-secretes mucus to trap particles -cilia sweep away mucus + particles from elimination
26
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia locations
-lines airways + most of supper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi)
27
stratified cuboidal epithelia appearance
multiple layers, cube shape
28
stratified cuboidal epithelia function
-protection from mechanical or chemical stress -limited absorption + secretion
29
stratified cuboidal epithelia locations
-ducts of sweat + esophageal glands -male urethra
30
stratified columnar epithelia appearance
-basal layer: shortened + irregular shape -apical layer: columns
31
stratified columnar epithelia function
-protection from mechanical or chemical stress -limited secretion
32
stratified columnar epithelia locations
-urethra -ducts of some glands -anal mucous membrane -conjunctiva of eye
33
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelia appearance
-multiple layers -apical = squamous, basal = cuboidal/columnar -no keratiin
34
significance of nonkeratinized
superficial layer does not dry out - constantly moistened by mucus -surface cells do not die - shed before they die
35
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelia function
protection from: -abrasion* -pathogens* -chemical attacks* -water loss -ultraviolet radiation
36
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelia locations
lines wet surfaces: -mouth -esophagus -epiglottis -pharynx -tongue -vagina
37
stratified squamous keratinized epithelia appearance
-multiple layers - apical = squamous, basal = cuboidal/columnar -tough layer of keratin in apical layer + many cell layers deep
38
significance of keratinized
keratin: tough, fibrous intracellular protein -helps protect skin + underlying tissues
39
stratified squamous keratinized epithelia function
-protects skin + underlying tissues from heat, microbes, chemicals -protection against dehydration of deeper layers
40
stratified squamous keratinized epithelia locations
-superficial layer of skin
41
transitional epithelia appearance
-multiple layers -cells varying shapes - relaxed = stratified cuboidal, stretched = stratified squamous
42
transitional epithelia function
allows stretch + recoil to original shape
43
transitional epithelia locations
-urinary bladder -ureters -urethra
44
functions of epithelium
-physical protection -controlled permeability -sensations (general+special senses) -glandular secretions
45
4 primary types of tissue
-epithelial -connective -muscular -neural
46
locations of epithelium
-external surface -internal surfaces -glands
47
external surface epithelium
epidermis - epidermal layer of skin
48
internal surface epithelium
-endothelium - blood vessels -mesothelium - body cavities -internal passageways
49
glands epithelium
epithelial tissues formed into clusters -exocrine -endocrine
50
pleural cavity surrounds? epithelium layer called?
surrounds lung pleura
51
pericardial cavity surrounds? epithelium layer called?
surrounds heart pericardium
52
peritoneal cavity surrounds? epithelium layer called?
surrounds abdominal organs peritoneum
53
what are exocrine glands
glands secrete onto epithelial surface
54
types of exocrine glands
unicellular - single celled glands (goblet cells) multicellular
55
multicellular exocrine glands portions
-duct portion -secretory portion
56
secretory portion of exocrine gland classification
-tubular -acinar -tubuloacinar
57
duct portion of exocrine gland classification
-branched: compound gland -unbranched: simple gland
58
simple tubular gland
-unbranched duct -tubular secretory portion
59
simple branched tubular gland
-unbranched duct -branched tubular secretory portion
60
simple acinar gland
-unbranched duct -acinar secretory portion (bulb shape)
61
simple branched acinar gland
-unbranched duct - branched acinar secretory portion (bulbs)
62
compound tubular gland
-branched duct -tubular secretory portion (can be branched)
63
compound acinar gland
-branched duct -acinar secretory portion (can be branched)
64
compound tubuloacinar gland
-branched duct -tubuloacinar secretory portion (elongated bulb)
65
what are endocrine glands
-ductless glands -secrete product into interstitial fluid which is then taken up by surrounding blood vessels
66
what are endocrine gland secretions called
hormones
67
microvilli structure
tiny fingerlike projections
68
microvilli function
increase surface area of apical epithelium to facilitate absorption + secretion
69
microvilli location
apical surface -small intestine -kidney
70
ciila structure
longer brush like projections
71
cilia function
beat synchronously to move fluid along surface of epithelial sheet
72
cilia location
respiratory tract
73
what are intercellular connections
attachments to each other (cells) +surrounding extracellular matrix
74
types of intercellular connections
-anchoring junctions -occluding junctions -communicating junctions
75
anchoring junctions function + eg
provide mechanical strength -adherens, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes junctions
76
occluding junctions function + eg
form permeability barrier -tight junction
77
communications junctions function + eg
permit ionic/molecular movement between adjacent cells -gap junction
78
adherens junction structural components
-adhesion belt made up of plaque + microfilaments (actin - straight along plaque) -cadherins extend to attach adjacent cell membranes
79
adherens junction function
help resist separation during contractile activities
80
adherens junctions location
-skin -where some flexibility is needed
81
desmosome junctions structural components
-plaque with intermediate filaments (keratin - straw like formation) -cadherins extend to attach to adjacent cell membranes
82
desmosome junctions function
-prevent separation when under tension
83
desmosome junctions locations
-epidermal cells -cardiac muscles cells
84
adherens or desmosome are stronger?
desmosome
85
hemidesmosome junction structural components
-half desmosome -one cell membrane with plaque and intermediate filaments (keratin - straw like formation) -integrin extends to attach to basement membrane
86
hemidesmosome junction function + location
anchor cells to basement membrane, not to other cells -everywhere
87
purpose of intermediate filament (keratin) in (hemi)desmosome junctions
reinforcement
88
tight junction structural components
-beadlike strands of transmembrane proteins along both cell membranes connect them together
89
tight junctions functions
-seal off passageways between adjacent cells -hold lateral walls of cells together very strongly
90
tight junctions locations
-stomach -intestines -urinary bladder prevent contents leaking into blood or surrounding tissue
91
gap junction structural components
-connexons (composed of connexins) connect adjacent cell membranes forming channels
92
gap junctions function
-allow cells in tissue to communicate with each other -enable nerve impulses to spread rapidly among cells
93
gap junctions locations
-epithelia -cardiac muscle -smooth muscle -nerves
94
general structure of epithelial tissue
-cells densely packed -superficial tissue -avascular

ANA126 (40 decks)

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