nervous system + spinal cord Flashcards
autonomic nervous system function
maintains homeostasis
-regulates body temp
-regulates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, reproductive systems
sympathetic chain ganglia
-sympathetic system T1-L2
-short preganglionic nerve synapses near spinal cord
-long postganglionic nerve synapses at target organ
parasympathtic ganglia
-parasympathetic system
-long preganglionic nerve come from CN 3,7,9,10 and S2-S4 and synapse near target
-short postganglionic nerve synapses at target organ
cauda equina
nerve ends travelling down from lumbar region
how many pairs of spinal nerves?
31 named after vertebrae it exits below
intervertebral foramen
hole through vertebrae that protects spinal nerves
cervical enlargement
ventral horns contain somatic motor neurons innervating the arm
lumbar enlargement
ventral horns contain somatic motor neurons innervating the leg
lateral horn
contain visceral motor neurons of sympathetic nervous system
-T1-L2
subdural space in spinal cord
-potential space
-injury may cause fluid or air to force into space
denticulate ligament
holds pia mater ot arachnoid mater
commissure in grey matter of spinal cord
where nerves entering SC from one side may cross to other side
path of sensory info through spinal cord
ventral or dorsal rami to dorsal root ganglion to dorsal grey horn
path of motor info out of spinal cord
ventral horn to ventral root
where are cells bodies for somatic system found
dorsal horn
where are cell bodies for autonomic system found
lateral horn
somatic sensory neurons
sense stimuli form skeletal muscles
visceral sensory neurons
sense stimuli from smooth, cardiac muscles, glands
somatic motor neurons
send motor info to skeletal muscles
visceral motor neurons
send motor info to smooth, cardiac muscles, glands
anterior corticospinal tract
motor innervation of trunk
lateral corticospinal tract
motor innervation of limbs
corticonuclear tract
motor innervation of facial muscles, tongue, jaw
lateral spinothalamic tract senses
pain, temperature
dorsal column medial lemniscus tract senses
vibration, proprioception, discriminative touch
tract definition
axons travelling together within the CNS with a common function
ganglion
group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS with a common function
nucleus definition
group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS
association fibres connect…
within same hemisphere
-long (lobe to lobe) and short (gyrus to gyrus)
commissural fibres connect…
left and right hemisphere
projection fibres connect..
from hemisphere to spinal cord - spinal tracts
homonculus definition
representation of innervation - highly innervated areas are larger
-goes along postcentral gyrus for sensory and precentral gyrus for motor
somatotopic representation
body represented in organized fashion over the cerebral cortex - if area is damaged, can predict what function would be lost
order of cerebral cortex appreciation areas from lateral sulcus to longitudinal fissure
-head
-hand
-arm
-trunk
-leg
-foot
what are pyramids formed by
corticospinal tract
what is the pyramidal system
go - turn on/work
-motor pathway
what does extrapyramidal system add to the pyramidal system
qualitative context from basal ganglia
-sequence
-timing
-organized
-direction
pyramidal system damage results in
paralysis or paresis
extrapyramidal system damage results in
movement disorders
-reduced movement, uncoordinated movement
basal ganglia damage results in
loss of coordinated movement
motor nuclei in CNS
cerebral - caudate + lentiform (basal ganglia)
diencephalon - subthalamic nucleus
medulla - inferior olivary nucleus
