Thoracic Cage

Question 1

Which ribs are true and why?

Answer 1

1-7 as they articulate directly to sternum

Question 2

Which ribs are false and why

Answer 2

8-10 as articulate with costal cartlidge

Question 3

Which ribs are floating

Answer 3

11 and 12 only articulate with vertebrae

Question 4

Which ribs are atypical and why

Answer 4

1 is shorter fatter and only one facet
2 is longer narrower
10 only 1 facet
11 and 12 have no neck and only one facet

Question 5

What does the inferior costal facet articulate with

Answer 5

Articulation of rib with vertebrae of one above it

Question 6

What does the superior costal facet articulate with

Answer 6

Rib articulated with same vertebrae number

Question 7

Why does the internal surface of the shaft of rib have a groove

Answer 7

For the neuro vascular supply to thorax

Question 8

what is the Manubrium?

Answer 8

Superior of sternum, jugular notch at top, fossa either side connect to calvicles- sternoclavicular joint. Also facet for 1st rib

Question 9

Body of sternum?

Answer 9

Long flat, lateral edged marked with articular facets for ribs 3 to 6, demifacets for 2 and 7

Question 10

Xiphoid process

Answer 10

Level T10 cartilogenous but ossifies at 40

Question 11

External intercostal muscles

Answer 11

run Lateral superior to medial inferior innervated by intercostal nerve

Question 12

Internal intercostal

Answer 12

run Medial superior to lateral inferior, intercostal nerve

Question 13

Innermost intercostal muscled

Answer 13

Run parallel to internal intercostal

Question 14

How does inhalation and exhalation occur

Answer 14

Diaphragm contracts increase volume of cavity so decrease pressure so Lungs expand

Diaphragm relax vol decrease Lungs decrease in vol

Question 15

Pleura of the lungs

Answer 15

Visceral pleura around lung

Parietal pleura lines inner aspect of thoracic cage

Question 16

The lobes of lungsand what is the lingula

Answer 16

Right: superior middle and inferior
Left: superior and inferior

lingula - the analogue of the middle lobe seen in the left lung (tongue )

Question 17

Fissures of lungs

Answer 17

Horizontal is only in right- rib 4

Oblique in both - T2 to the 6th costal cartlidge

Question 18

Hilum?

Answer 18

Vessel, air branch and nerves leave the lung, on the back

Question 19

Diaphragm role

Answer 19

Seperate abdominal viscera and thoracic

Alters vol of thoracic cavity

Question 20

Diaphragm attatches too

Answer 20

Lumbar vertebrae, ribs 7-10 costal cartlidge and the xiphoid process

Question 21

What innervated the diaphragm

Answer 21

Left phrenic innervate left hemi diaphragm and right does right

Question 22

Arterial supply to the diaphragm

Answer 22

Inferior phrenic artery

Question 23

Role of vagus nerve in thorax

Answer 23

10th cranial, enters from ne k close to trachea, supply thoracic viscera before pentrating diaphragm

Question 24

Phrenic nerve action and location

Answer 24

Fom C3-C5 in neck to in from of root of each lung and supplies pericardium and diaphragm muscles

Question 25

which are the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

T1-T12

Question 26

detail the position of the lungs and their anatomical relations

Answer 26

superior end of the lung. It projects upwards, above the level of the 1st rib and into the floor of the neck.
Inferior surface of the lung, which sits on the diaphragm.

Question 27

describe the articulation of the vertebrae to the rib

Answer 27

superior costal facet - articulates with part of the head of own rib
inferior costal facet - articulates with part of the head of rib below

Question 28

blood supply to the lungs

Answer 28

deoxygenated blood by the paired pulmonary arteries

Once the blood has received oxygenation, it leaves the lungs via four pulmonary veins (two for each lung).

Question 29

state the airways that enter the lungs and where bifurcation of the trachea

Answer 29

trachea, main bronchi (left and right), lobar bronchi, segmental branches, bronchioles

bifurcation = between T5 and 7