the arm

Question 1

key features of the proximal head of the humerus and rotator cuff muscles that attach

Answer 1

proximal humerus is marked by a head, anatomical neck, surgical neck,
greater tubercles attachment site for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor
lesser tubercles - . attachment for the subscapularis

intertubercular sulcus - long head of bicep runs through

Question 2

muscles involved in extension of shoulder joint

Answer 2

Extension (upper limb backwards in sagittal plane) – posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

Question 3

muscles involved in flexion of shoulder joint

Answer 3

Flexion (upper limb forwards in sagittal plane) – pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis. Biceps brachii weakly assists in forward flexion.

Question 4

muscles involved in abduction of shoulder joint

Answer 4

Abduction (upper limb away from midline in coronal plane):
The first 0-15 degrees of abduction is produced by the supraspinatus.
The middle fibres of the deltoid are responsible for the next 15-90 degrees.
Past 90 degrees, the scapula needs to be rotated to achieve abduction – that is carried out by the trapezius and serratus anterior.

Question 5

muscles involved in adduction of shoulder joint

Answer 5

Adduction (upper limb towards midline in coronal plane) – pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

Question 6

muscles involved in medial rotation of shoulder joint

Answer 6

Internal rotation (rotation towards the midline, so that the thumb is pointing medially) – subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.

Question 7

muscles involved in lateral rotation of shoulder joint

Answer 7

External rotation (rotation away from the midline, so that the thumb is pointing laterally) – infraspinatus and teres minor.

Question 8

what are the two necks of the humerus

Answer 8

surgical and anatomical

Question 9

ey features of the shaft of the humerus, what attaches

Answer 9

deltoid muscle - attaches to deltoid tuberosity

radial groove - is a shallow depression that runs diagonally down the posterior surface of the humerus, parallel to the deltoid tuberosity. The radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in this groove

Question 10

what can be found at the distal end of the humerus

Answer 10

from anterior can see - olecranon fossa, trochlea
Posterior- coronoid fossa, radial fossa and capitulum

both can see lateral and medial epicondyle and trochlea

Question 11

muscles in the flexure compartment of arm

Answer 11

biceps brachii, brachialis, corocobrachialis

Question 12

biceps brachii origin, insertion, action

Answer 12

Origin == long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head is coracoid process of scapula

Insertion == tendon into the tuberosity of the radius

action - supination and flexion

Question 13

brachialis origin, insertion, action

Answer 13

origin - lower half of shaft of humerus
insertion - coronoid process of ulna
action - flexion of elbow

Question 14

corocoidbrachialis origin, insertion, action

Answer 14

origin - coracoid process of scapula
insertion - medial side of humerus
action - flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

Question 15

recall the borders of cubital fossa

Answer 15

Lateral border – medial border of the brachioradialis muscle.
Medial border – lateral border of the pronator teres muscle.
Superior border – hypothetical line between the epicondyles of the humerus.

Question 16

name the contents of the cubital fossa

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Answer 16

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon –attaching to the radial tuberosity
Brachial artery – oxygenated blood to the forearm. bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries at the apex
Median nerve – It supplies the majority of the flexor muscles in the forearm.

Question 17

muscles of the extensor part of the arm

Answer 17

triceps - long and short and medial head

deltoid muscle

Question 18

origins, function, innervation and insertion of the three heads of tricep

Answer 18

long - O= infraglenoid tubercle
lateral - O= posterior part of the upper part of the humerus
medial - O= deeper that others

the heads converge onto one tendon and insert into the olecranon of the ulna.

Radial nerve.

Function: Extension of the arm at the elbow.

Question 19

nerves supplying arm

Answer 19

musculocutaneous and radial

Question 20

major arteries in shoulder and arm

Answer 20

axillary -> brachial -> radial and ulna

Question 21

describe the main features of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 21

head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the
scapula

covered with hyaline cartilage

synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint capsule, and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction between the articular surfaces.