Hip

Question 1

3 bones that make up the hip

Answer 1

• ilium, ischium and pubis.

Question 2

when do the bones of the hip fuss e

Answer 2

age 25-30

Question 3

what are the extensors of the hip

Answer 3

• hamstring muscles are powerful extensors of the hip.
• gluteus maximus which becomes particularly important when walking up hill or when rising from the sitting position.
• Extension is limited beyond the vertical to about 15o, mainly due to the tightening of the ilio-femoral ligament anterior to the hip joint.

Question 4

What a re the flexor muscles of the hip

Answer 4

mainly by iliopsoas assisted by the tensor fascia lata

Question 5

Adductors of the hip

Answer 5

adductors muscles arise from the pubis and insert via the linea aspera into the back of the femur.

Question 6

abductors of the hip

Answer 6

• Mainly the gluteal muscles, especially gluteus medius, bring about this movement.

Question 7

name the 3 glutei muscles and the main role

Answer 7

the three glutei: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

and the tensor fascia lata.

They mainly act to abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint.

Question 8

Attatchements of the gluteus maximus

Answer 8

Originates - from the gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx.
Inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

Question 9

gluteus maximus action

Answer 9

• Actions: It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation. However, it is only used when force is required, such as running or climbing.

Question 10

Innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 10

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Attatchments of the gluteus medius

Answer 11

Originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium and inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.

Question 12

actions of the gluteus medius

Answer 12

• Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.(Note: the posterior fibres of the gluteus medius are also thought to produce a small amount of lateral rotation).

Question 13

Innervation of the gluteus medius

Answer 13

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 14

Gluteus minimus attatchments

Answer 14

Originates from the ilium and converges to form a tendon, inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter.

Question 15

Gluteus minimus actions

Answer 15

• :Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

Question 16

Innervation of the gluteus minimus

Answer 16

• Superior gluteal nerve.

Question 17

what is the Tensor fasciae lata

Answer 17

Tensor fasciae lata: is a small superficial muscle which lies towards the anterior edge of the iliac crest. It functions to tighten the fascia lata, and so abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.

Question 18

Attachments of the tensor fasciae lata

Answer 18

• Originates fromtheanterior iliac crest, attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). It inserts into the iliotibial tract, which itself attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia.

Question 19

actions of the tensor fasciae lata

Answer 19

• Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It also plays a supportive role in the gait cycle.

Question 20

Innervation of the tensor fasciae lata

Answer 20

• Superior gluteal nerve.

Question 21

general action go the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 21

to laterally rotate the lower limb. They also stabilise the hip joint by ‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Question 22

Name the deep glottal muscles

Answer 22

The piriformis muscle
The obturator internus
Gemelli are two narrow and triangular muscles
The quadratus femoris

Question 23

describe artificil hips

Answer 23

• Severely damaged hips are increasingly being replaced by prostheses.
• There are several different varieties but most consist of a metal head and neck (titanium) that is inserted into the proximal end of the shaft of the femur.
This articulates with a false acetabulum that is inserted into the original acetabular fossa