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326 > Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

how many ribs make up the rib cage

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

what makes up the thoracic cage

A

12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum, IV discs

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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of the thoracic cage

A
  1. protects vital organs (thoracic and abdominal
  2. resist negative internal pressures generated by the lungs to facilitate ventilation
  3. serve as an upper limb attachment point and support structure
  4. provide attachment for muscles of the abdomen, neck, and back, and muscles of ventilation
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4
Q

Describe the 3 classes of ribs

A

True ribs: 1-7; attach directly to sternum via their own named costal cartilage

False ribs: 8-10; attach indirectly to the sternum via the cartilage of the rib above

Floating ribs: 11-12; Do not attach to the sternum, and instead end in the abdominal musculature

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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of typical ribs

A
  • Each of these ribs have a head, neck, tubercle, and shaft
  • Head has 2 facets (superior and inferior)
  • Tubercle has a singular facet (articular facet)
  • Internal surface of the rib is marked by the costal groove
  • Costal groove is on the internal and inferior surface
  • Costal angle: where the rib bends
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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of atypical rib: 1st rib

A
  • Rib 1 has a single facet @ head as it only articulates with T1
  • still has tubercle
  • Grooves for passage of the subclavian vein and artery
  • subclavian vein anterior to subclavian artery
  • Scalene tubercle: insertion point for anterior scalene; between subclavian vein and artery
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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of atypical rib: 2nd rib

A
  • additional tuberosity for serratus anterior
  • 2 facets; articulates normally with vertebrae
  • has head, neck, body, and tubercle
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8
Q

Describe the characteristics of atypical rib: 11th and 12th rib

A

Don’t connect anteriorly via cartilage

very thin

no tubercle

11th is larger than the 12th

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9
Q

What 3 bones fused together make the sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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10
Q

Describe the important portions of the manubrium

A

jugular notch (T2-T3)

clavicular notch (articulates with sternal ends of clavicles to form the sternoclavicular joint)

Sternal angle (inferior border) - T4-T5

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11
Q

Describe the important portions of the body of the sternum

A

bilateral costal notches permitting articulation with ribs

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12
Q

What thoracic level is the xiphoid approximately at?

A

T10

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13
Q

What bony landmarks make up the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Posteriorly: anterior portion of T1 vertebral body

Anteriorly: rostral border of the manubrium

Laterally: paired 1st rib and their costal cartilages

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14
Q

What bony landmarks make up the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

posteriorly: anterior portion of the T12 vertebral body

posterolaterally: floating ribs 11 and 12

anterolaterally: rib 7-10’s shared costal cartilage attachment

anteriorly: xiphersternal joint

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15
Q

What are the 3 diaphragmatic apertures that are of note?

A

caval opening: vena cava passes through

esophageal diaphragmatic apertures: esophagus

aortic diaphragmatic apertures: aorta

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16
Q

The 4th rib articulates with which vertebrae?

A

T3 and T4

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17
Q

Define: sternal angle

A

the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

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18
Q

what makes up the thoracic wall

A

includes the thoracic cage, skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia,and muscles

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19
Q

what makes up the thoracic cavity

A

chamber containing the mediastinum and lungs

20
Q

what makes up the pectoral girdle

A

clavicles and scapula; append the upper limb ot the thoracic cage

21
Q

the intercostal spaces are named for the _____ rib

A

superior

22
Q

What level can you find the following: suprasternal (jugular) notch

A

vertebral level of T2-T3

23
Q

What level can you find the following: sternal angle (of Louis) (manubriosternal joint)

A

T4-T5

24
Q

What level can you find the following: xiphisternal joint

A

T9

25
Q

Do you know the anterior and posterior median lines?

A

See notes

26
Q

Do you know where the anterior axillary, midaxillary, and posterior axillary lines are?

A

See notes

27
Q

What are the scapular lines?

A

Vertical lines that pass through the inferior angle of the scapulae (posterior surface)

28
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: suprasternal (jugular notch)

A

Approx T2-3

29
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: sternal angle

A
30
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: teres major

A
31
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: latissimus dorsi

A
32
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: descending/ascending portion of trapezius

A
33
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: erector spinae columns

A
34
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: intergluteal cleft

A
35
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: anterior axillary fold

A
36
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: posterior axillary fold

A
37
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: clavicular head of pectoralis major

A
38
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: serratus anterior

A
39
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: axillary fossa

A
40
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: sternocostal head of pectoralis major

A
41
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: manubrium

A
42
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: intermammary cleft

A
43
Q

identify the following on surface anatomy: epigastric fossa

A
44
Q

What is a third nipple called

A

Supernumerary nipple

45
Q

What is the axillary process?

A

an extension of the tissue of the upper outer quadrant of the breast traveling into the axilla

46
Q

Define: the costal groove

A

The costal groove is the short, shallow depression found along the body of the rib

Costal groove is on the internal and inferior surface

326 (32 decks)

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