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326 > Muscles of the Head > Flashcards

Muscles of the Head Flashcards

1
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

strong tendinous sheet covering the calvarium

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2
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII - facial nerve

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3
Q

Describe the 5 major motor branches of the facial nerve

A

temporal

zygomatic

buccal

mandibular

cervical

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4
Q

Occipitofrontalis

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin:
    Frontal belly (frontalis): epicranial aponeurosis

Occipital belly (occipitalis): superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

  • insertion:

Frontal body (frontalis): skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

Occipital belly (occipitalis): epicranial aponeurosis

  • function:

Frontal belly: protracts scalp

Occipital belly: opposes the frontal belly to achieve the same facial expression

total function: Elevates eyebrows and produces horizontal forehead wrinkles
(surprised expression)

innervation: facial nerve CN VII

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5
Q

Orbicularis occuli:

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin:

Orbital part: frontal bone; lacrimal bone

Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament

  • insertion:
    Skin around the orbital margin. Superior and inferior tarsal plates, lateral palpebral ligament
  • function:

Palpebral part: closes eyelids gently like during sleeping and blinking;

Orbital part:
Forcefully closes the eyes such as during winking and squinting.

innervation: facial nerve CN VII

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6
Q

Orbicularis oris

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Medial maxilla and mandible; peri-oral skin; angle of the mouth
  • insertion: Mucous membrane of the lips
  • function: Compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists the distension (when blowing)
  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII
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7
Q

Define palpebral fissure

A

Gap between eyelids; controlled by the orbicularis oculi

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8
Q

Buccinator

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible of the molars
  • insertion: Angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
  • function: Active when smiling; keeps cheeks taught; prevents biting of teeth during chewing

Presses cheeks against teeth resists tension when blowing

  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII
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9
Q

Levator anguli oris

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Infra-orbital maxilla
  • insertion: Angle of mouth
  • function: elevates the angle of the mouth. Widens oral fissure (grinning or grimacing)
  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII
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10
Q

Zygomaticus minor and major

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: lateral aspect of zygomatic bone
  • insertion: angle of mouth
  • function:

Zygomatic minor: elevates the lips

Zygomatic major: pulls the angles of the mouth upwards and, with risorius, contributes to laughing

  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII

Minor resides superior to major
Zygomatic minor spans from zygomatic bone to upper lip

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11
Q

Depressor anguli oris

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: anterolateral base of mandible
  • insertion: Angle of mouth
  • function: Active during frowning; depresses commissures of lips
  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII
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12
Q

Platysma

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Subcutaneous tissue, infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
  • insertion: Base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
  • function: depresses mandible against resistance; tenses skin of inferior face and neck (as in stress or shaving)
  • innervation: facial nerve CN VII

Most superficial

Thin sheet; covers anterolateral aspect of neck

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13
Q

Temporalis

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: temporal fossa
  • insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible
  • function: Elevate and retracts the mandible at the temporomandibular joint to close the jaw
  • innervation: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
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14
Q

Masseter

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Zygomatic arch
  • insertion: Lateral surface of the angle and ramus of the mandible
  • function: Elevates and protracts/protrudes mandible to elevate the jaw
  • innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
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15
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Sternal head: manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

  • insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
  • function: Unilateral contraction of the SCM laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head, rotating the chin to the contralateral side

Forced inspiration

  • innervation: accessory nerve CNXI
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16
Q

Risorious

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: parotid fascia
  • insertion: modiolus and overlying skin of angle of mouth
  • function: pull angle of mouth laterally (mewing muscle)
  • innervation: facial nerve CNVII
17
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Oblique line of mandible
  • insertion: Middle portion of lower lip
  • function: Depress lower lip infero-laterally
  • innervation: facial nerve CNVII
18
Q

Mentalis

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Incisive fossa of mandible
  • insertion: Subcutaneous tissue of chin
  • function: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
  • innervation: facial nerve CNVII
19
Q

Corrugator supercilii

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Medial portion of superciliary arch
  • insertion: Skin of eyebrow
  • function: Draws eyebrow downward and medially - vertical wrinkling on nose bridge
  • innervation: Facial nerve CNVII
20
Q

Procerus

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Fascia covering nasal bone
  • insertion: Skin of forehead
  • function: Pull the part of skin between the eyebrows inferiorly

Assists with nostril flaring; wrinkles nose

  • innervation: Facial nerve CNVII
21
Q

Nasalis

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Transverse part: area of maxilla superolateral to incisive fossa

Alar part: area of maxilla superior to lateral incisor and canine teeth

  • insertion: Transverse part: Aponeurotic fascia crossing bridge of nose; skin overlying lateral crus of major alar cartilage

Alar part: skin overlying lateral crus of major alar cartilage

  • function: Transverse part: compresses nostrils

Alar part: dilates nostril

  • innervation: facial nerve CNVII
22
Q

Medial pterygoids

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
  • insertion: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
  • function: Laterally moves and protracts mandible. Elevates jaw
  • innervation: CNV3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
23
Q

Lateral pterygoids

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
  • insertion: Neck of mandible
  • function: Depress mandible

Only one that depresses mandible

  • innervation: CNV3
24
Q

Scalene muscles

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae
  • insertion: Anterior scalene and middle scalene: first rib

Posterior scalene: second rib

  • function: Accessory muscles for inspiration

Flexion, lateral flexion, rotation of head at neck

  • innervation: Cervical nerves C3-C8
25
Q

Levator Scapulae

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Transverse vertebral processes of C1-C4
  • insertion: Medial border of scapula
  • function: Scapulae elevation

And

Lateral flexion and extension of the neck (when scapulae are stabilized on the posterior thorax)

  • innervation: Anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves. Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
26
Q

Descending trapezius

origin

insertion

function

innervation

A
  • origin: Spinous process of T5-T12 vertebrae
  • insertion: Medial end of spine of scapula
  • function: Elevates pectoral girdle
  • innervation: Accessory nerve and anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves

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