Lecture: Anterior Hip and Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

What is the most powerful hip flexor?

Answer 1

iliopsoas muscle, formed by the iliacus and psoas major

Question 2

What forms the pes anserine?

Answer 2

combination of tendons of gracilis, sartorious and semitendinosus on medial portion of knee

Question 3

What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus? What action is it responsible for

Answer 3

femoral nerve

thigh flexors and leg extensors

Question 4

Differentiate between femoral and posterior femoral nerve

Answer 4

femoral: L2-L4 (lumbar plexus)

posterior femoral: S1-S3 (sacral plexus)

posterior femoral is largely a sensory nerve

Question 5

State the continuation of the external iliac artery

Answer 5

femoral artery @ inguinal ligament

Question 6

What does the femoral artery continue as ? and where?

Answer 6

popliteal artery @adductor hiatus

Question 7

What is the femoral triangle. What are its borders?

Answer 7

subfascial space in the proximal anterior thigh containing nerves, vasculature, and lymph vessels. from lateral to medial: femoral nerve, artery, and vein

laterally: medial border of sartorious

medially: lateral border of madductor longus

superiorly: inguinal ligament

pectineus creates the floor of the triangle

Question 8

Differentiate between the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and mid-inguinal point

Answer 8

midpoint of the inguinal ligament: halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle - landmark for femoral nerve

mid-inguinal point: halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis - landmark for femoral artery

Question 9

What is the femoral artery is an important entry point for what?

Answer 9

coronary angiography

Question 10

What is the femoral nerve is an important entry point for what?

Answer 10

analgesia for procedures in the anterior thigh and trauma to hip and knee

Question 11

Describe the adductor canal
* what is in it?
* borders

Answer 11

• Lies deep to sartorius
• Extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the
  tendon of adductor magnus
• femoral artery and vein and saphenous nerve
• anterior: sartorious
• lateral: vastus medialis
• posterior: adductor longus and adductor magnus
• apex of canal: adductor hiatus; gap between adductor and hamstring attachments of adductor magnus