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326 > Bones and Joints of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only upper limb bone that articulates with the axial skeleton

A

clavicle

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2
Q

What kind of bone is the clavicle?

A

long bone

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3
Q

Identify the following on the clavicle:
* sternal end
* shaft
* acromial end
* costal tuberosity/ tubercle
* groove for subclavius
* conoid tubercle
* trapezoid line
* impression for costoclavicular ligament

A
  • medial end
  • body
  • lateral end
  • attachment point of the inferior aspect of the sternal end of clavicle; aka impression of the costoclavicular ligament
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4
Q

Sternoclavicular joint
* joint type
* what bones articulate here
* what ligaments stabilize the joint

A
  • synovial saddle joint
  • sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum
  • anterior sternoclavicular ligament
  • posterior sternoclavicular ligament
  • interclavicular ligament
  • costoclavicularligament
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5
Q

How can you tell the difference between the superior and inferior surface of the clavicular shaft

A

superior: smooth

inferior: rough (ligament attachment points)

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular joint
* type of joint
* what bones articulate here
* what ligaments stabilize the joint

A
  • plane type synovial
  • acromial end of clavicle and acromion
  • acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament (conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament)
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7
Q

scapulothoracic joint
* type of joint
* formed by what
*permits what type of movement

A
  • remember its a functional/ physiological joint not a bony one
  • gliding of serratus anterior (lies over posterior rib cage) over subscapularis (anterior scapula)
  • permits the movement of scapula over rib cage
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8
Q

What movements can occur at the glenohumeral joint

A

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
horizontal flexion
horizontal extension
internal rotation
external rotation
circumlocution/circumduction

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9
Q

What stabilizes the glenohumeral joint

A
  • glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
  • coracohumeral ligament
    Long head of bicieps tendon can be a stabilizer of the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

*glenoid labrum (passive)

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10
Q

Define: shoulder dislocation

A

loss of articulation between the humeral head and glenoid fossa

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11
Q

Define: shoulder subluxation

A

partial loss of articulation

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12
Q

What type of shoulder dislocation is most common?

A

anterior

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13
Q

Differentiate between type 1, 2, and 3 shoulder separation

A

Type 1: stretch/mild tearing of acromioclavicular ligament

Type 2: complete tear of the acromioclavicular ligaments

Type 3: tear of the coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular

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14
Q

What is a step defect

A

seen after collarbone and shoulder blade separation (type 3)

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15
Q

What is a slap lesion
How can it occur?

A

superior labrum, anterior to posterior tear occurring where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum.

Can be acute/traumatic (fall on outstretched arm, traction on arm) or chronic (due to labral degeneration through repetetitive overhead activity or aging)

can also affect biceps tendon

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16
Q

Identify on surface anatomy

  • parts of the deltoid
  • triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, medial head)
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
  • lateral / medial epicondyle
  • olecranon
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
A
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17
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral rami of C5-T1 supply

A
  • Dorsal rami: motor muscles of back and spine and skin of these areas
  • Ventral rami: supply the 5 roots of the brachial plexus
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18
Q

Differentiate between dorsal and ventral root vs rami

A

dorsal root (sensory) and
ventral root (motor) come directly off the spinal cord

dorsal and ventral rami are mixed and contain both motor and sensory axons

19
Q

Elbow joint
* joint type
* ligaments involved
* what 2 articulations make up the joint

A
  • hinge
  • ulnar collateral and radial collateral ligaments
  • humeroulnar articulation
  • humeroradial articulation
20
Q

Identify the following on the humerus
* head
* anatomical neck
* surgical neck
* greater tubercle
* superior, middle, and inferior facets of the tubercle
* lesser tubercle
* intertubercular groove/sulcus/ bicipital groove
*deltoid tuberosity
* radial groove
* medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
* lateral and medial epicondyles
*trochlea
*capitulum
* olecranon fossa
* coronoid fossa
* radial fossa

A
21
Q

What is the importance of the superior, middle, and inferior facets of the humerus?

A

they all are insertion points for different muscles
* superior: supraspinatus
* middle: infraspinatus
* inferior: teres minor

22
Q

What is the importance of the lesser tubercle?

A

insertion point for anterior muscle subscapularis

23
Q

what holds the tendon of the biceps brachii in place?

A

transverse humeral ligament

24
Q

What is another name for the forearm

A

antebrachial region

25
Q

Describe the radius and ulnar relative to each other

A

radius is lateral to the ulna

26
Q

What tethers the radius and ulna together? What is another one of its functions?

A

interosseous membrane

transmits load from the wrist to the elbow and between the radius and ulna

27
Q

Identify the following on the radius
* proximal end
* shaft (anterior, posterior, and medial/interosseous)
* distal end
* radial tuberosity
* radial styloid process
* ulnar notch

A
28
Q

How can you tell the proximal to distal end of the radius

A

thinner in diameter at the top and wider toward the bottom

29
Q

Identify the following on the ulna
* olecranon
* coronoid process
* trochlear notch
* ulnar tuberosity
* radial notch
* supinator crest
* ulnar styloid process
* head of ulna

A
30
Q

Radioulnar joints
* joint type
* articulations
* ligaments

A

proximal radioulnar joint: head of radius and radial notch of the ulna
* stabilized by annular radial ligament
* pivot joint

distal radioulnar joint: ulnar notch of the radius and head of ulna
* anterior and posterior ligaments
* gliding joint

31
Q

How many bones are there in each hand

A

27
* 8 carpal
* 5 metacarpal
* 14 phalanges

32
Q

List the carpal bones from proximal to distal and lateral to medial

A

proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform,

distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

33
Q

metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

  • articulations
  • joint type
  • movement permitted
A

metacarpophalangeal: proximal end of phalanx with the metacarpal distal ends
* condyloid type synovial
* flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

interphalangeal: between the phalanges
* hinge type
* flexion/extension

34
Q

radiocarpal joint
* joint type
* formed by what bones
* what movements are permitted

A
  • condyloid joint
  • scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, distal end of radius
  • distal radius and triquetrum articular indirectly through articular disc known as triangular fibrocartilage complex
  • the ulna does not contribute to the wrist joint
  • flexion/extension; abduction/adduction
35
Q

intercarpal joints
* joint type
* what bones articulate here

A

plane type
carpal bones
occur between adjacent carpal bones in each row

36
Q

midcarpal joint
* what is it
* what movement does it permit

A

complex joint between two rows of carpal bone
* primary joint invlved in radial and ulnar deviation at the wrist

37
Q

carpometacarpal joints
* joint type
* what bones articulate here

A
  • plane except thumb which is saddle joint
  • distal surface of the carpal interacts with the proximal surface of the metacarpal
38
Q

intermetacarpal joints

A

how metacarpal 2-4 articulate with one another

39
Q

What are your tips to identify laterality and posterior/anterior view of the radius

A

anterior view: the radial styloid process points laterally (top of the triangle); the radial tuberosity should point medially. the anterior aspect of the distal end should appear smooth. if you see a tubercle, you’re viewing it from the back side

40
Q

What are your tips to identify laterality and posterior/anterior view of the ulna

A

anterior view: olecranon fossa faces forward

left ulna: radial notch on right side and styloid process on left

right ulna: radial notch on left side and styloid process on right

41
Q

What are your tips to identify laterality and posterior/anterior view of the humerus

A

anterior view: intertubulcar groove faces you

left humerus: head faces left

right humerus: head faces right

42
Q

Identify the following on the scapula
* acromion
* articular facet of acromion
* coracoid process
* spine
* glenoid cavity
* infraglenoid tubercle
* supraglenoid tubercle
* borders (medial, lateral/axillary, superior)
* inferior angle
* lateral angle
* superior/medial angle
* infraspinous fossa
* supraspinous fossa
* subscapular fossa

A
43
Q
A

326 (26 decks)

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