Skull

Question 1

What is the importance of sutures

Answer 1

allow skull to pass through birth canal and allow for rapid growth postnatally

Question 2

When do cranial sutures fuse?

Answer 2

24 yrs old

Question 3

Describe the difference in functional development of the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex and its importance

Answer 3

nucleus accumbens (reward centre) develops faster than the prefrontal cortex (impulse control and risk assessment)

results in risky behaviour in teens; vulnerability to addiction

Question 4

intramembranous ossification

Answer 4

direct production of bone from mesenchyme

(ex flat bones of skull are produced in this method)

Question 5

diploe

Answer 5

spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone

Question 6

pnuematized bone

Answer 6

air filled bones

Question 7

List the paranasal sinuses

Answer 7

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid

Question 8

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

• warm and humidify air
• serve as crumble zone to protect vital structures during facial trauma
• increase speech resonance

Question 9

List the features of the neonate skull

Answer 9

large cranium and relatively small face

prominent fontanelles (space between skull bones)

persistent mandibular division

Question 10

What would a sunken or elevated fontanel tell you about a baby?

Answer 10

sunken: malnutrition/dehydration

elevated: increased inter cranial pressure

Question 11

craniosynostosis

Answer 11

premature suture ossification resulting in skull deformity

Question 12

sagittal suture craniosynostosis

Answer 12

skull expands rostrocaudally

Question 13

lambdoid suture craniosynostosis

Answer 13

skull expands on opposite side

Question 14

metopic suture craniosynostosis

Answer 14

results in trigonocephaly

Question 15

Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery

Answer 15

insert probe into nasal cavity and drill through sphenoid sinus to remove pituitary tumours

Question 16

commisure

Answer 16

tract that crosses transversely over midline

ex: commisural tract in corpus callosum

Question 17

decussation

Answer 17

describes a tract that crosses obliquely and over midline

• ex: pyramidal decussation in medulla

Question 18

ganglion

Answer 18

collection of neuronal cell bodies that reside in PNS

exception: basal ganglia

Question 19

Broadmann’s area

Answer 19

52 sections of the brain based on cellular structure

Question 20

primary cortex

Answer 20

specific dedicated function

Question 21

secondary cortex

Answer 21

specific integrative function

Question 22

multimodal association cortex

Answer 22

provides integration of sensory and motor info