Third Civil War Part 2 Flashcards
How did cromwell defeat the Scots
Charles Stuart and the royalist cause
England Republican
Prince Charles king of Scot - want eng
Several leader of royalist executed
Charles - encouragement from European power but no practical
Hope - invasion of England either from Ireland or Scotland
Summer 1649
Commonwealth sent army to Ireland under command of Cromwell who succeeded in defeating royalists and subjugating Irish
No hope in helpcfto Ireland - Charles agreed to impose Presbyterianism in England for Scottish Army - signing Treaty of Breda w Covenanter leaders in 1650
What did Charles agree to under the treaty of Breda
Denounce parents religious beliefs
Sign national covenant - committing to Presbyterianism
Betrayed Montrose - ordering him to disband troops
Disown ormonds Treaty w catholic confederates in Ireland
Cromwell in command
The Council of State decided to mount a pre-emotive invasion of Scotland
General Fairfax refused to lead the army against Scotland and resigned
Cromwell was appointed commander in chief in his place
Third civil war
Battle of Dunbar
-scots outnumber English 2:1
Leslie moved army forward off highest slopes to bring dunbar within range of his artillery and began to bombard Cromwell and army
2nd Sept- Cromwell and senior officers concluded scottish army could be attacked successfully
Cromwell saw leslie failed to secure 1/2 mile gap between flank and sea. In dark and while scots asleep - Cromwell manouvered to his forces to this position - surprised
Scottish army disintegrated as me regiment after another panicked and ran
3000 scots killed
10,000 prisoners
Leslie used scorched earth policy- burn ground so cant eat crops
Battle of Worcester 1651
Charles intention was to march through the traditionally Royalist regions of Lancashire and the welsh border, raising troops on the way, before striking Towards London.
His believe English royalists and Presbyterians would risenuocto support him was misplaced.
—->
Scots heavily outnumbered: 16,000 troops v 30,000 English- 20,000 NMA
ROYALISS lost
Parliament -Dunbar medal- everyone who fought in battle - Cromwell one one side and Parliament in the other
Charles fled after Worcester taking 6 weeks to arrive in France
He was forced to hide in a hollow oak tree and disguise self as servant
Success of the rump
Cromwell defeated Scots
No serious royal uprisings in England 49-53 - executed royalist leaders such as earl of holland
Cromwell Ireland - end fighting and harsh settlement
Dealt with radical groups
Church of England effectively dismantled, episcopacy abolished and prayer book banned by time of Charles execution
Failures of the rump
Rump was self perpetuating. Cromwell dissolves rump in April 1653- claiming that it had sat too long and had failed to hold fresh exceptions to gain legitimacy
Rump kept tax high
No easy solution to religious reform m
Disappointed levellers
Attendance at rump low
Average attendance 50-60%
70 active MP our of 210
What was the nominated assembly
An attempt to create a new godly government
Known my supporters as parliament of ssinrsb
Saw it as rule by the godly an important step in preparation for second coming of Jesus
How was the nominated assembly seen by critics
Barebones Parliament -referencing one of more colourful members and small number
Clarendon - weak senseless fellows
Who was Praise God Barebones
Barebones was an English leather seller and preacher
By December 1641- he had begun preaching to audiences at his premises at the lock and key
Her sermons in favour of child baptism, and against bishops and book of common prayer attracted hostile attention and frequently led to riots
By 1653/ he had joined the fifth monarchists
Why create a nominated assembly
The council of officers was reluctant to authorise free elections because of the possibility that Presbyterians and even royalist sympathisers might be returned
2 constitutional schemes were discussed to replace the discredited parliament
Lambert proposed a body similar to council of state - powers limited by written constitution
Lamberts rival Harrison called for a ruling body based upon old testament called saints
Harrison’s proposal was influenced by fifth monarchist belief that rule of saints would be prelude to reign of Christ on earth
Who was in the nominated assembly
140 delegates
129- rep for eng
5 Scot
6 Ireland
Further 5 members inc Cromwell and lambert were later co-opted onto assemble
Fairfax was most prominent of handful of nominees who declined to take part
Why was nominated assembly divided
Religion
Religion
R- no national church,
abolish tithes,
congregations to support their own ministers
Moderates
National church leading by example
Toleration for independents congregations
Tithes to be supplemented by state to iron out regional variations
Why was nominated assembly divided
Law reform
Radicals
5th monarchists believer only lawsbfound in bible - teaching of chirst
- common law as non scriptusble
-abolish court of chancery (where decisions of other courts could be overturned)
Moderates
- follow lead of hale commission - recommended: abolishing imprisonment for debt, making law korebaccessible in each county, civil marriage
- preserve common law
- make law more humane- banish capital punishment for minor offenses
What did nominated assembly achieve
During 5 mint life -> passed 25 ordinances dealing with wide range of administrative, financialcsnd social matters
-marriages performed by JP Not clergy
Compulsory civil registration of births marriage and death in each parish
Greater protection for lunatics and their estates
Abolish court of chancery and to codify common law
