Charles Personal Rule- Bishops Wars Flashcards
How did James rule his 3 kingdoms
Separately (England Ireland Scotland)
They had separate laws, customs and religions .
How did James attempt to unify eng and Scotland
Attempted to unify
Both parliaments appointed commissioners to discuss formal union
This failed over divisions between them in relative power, trade and the legal system
During James rule, what was Scotland like
Equal a monarchy
Smaller weaker neighbour to eng
Pop of 1 mill and relatively undeveloped economy
Scot was divided into lowland and highland; geographical, political, cultural, linguistic divide
The lowlands were Anglo centric, englush dpeaking and Presbyterians
The highlands were independent, spoke Gaelic and were a mixture of Presbyterians and Catholics
Religion in Scotland during James rule- 1st attempt
Mary Queen of Scots abdicated 1567- a Presbyterian Church had been established in Scotland
James attempted to reintroduce bishops into Scotland but in practice they were largely ignored by many Presbyterian communities and the church
Religion in Scotland during James rule- 1618?
In 1618- he forced the 5 articles of Perth thru the Scottish General Assembly and parliament
5 articles
1)the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ should be received kneeling
2) it might be administered to the sick
3) when infants could not be baptised in church, they can be at home
4) children, 8, and after being instructed in the Lords Prayer, creed, Ten Commandments and catechism, should be brought to the bishop on visitation, to be examined in religious knowledge and receive his blessing
5) the days commemorative of Christ’s birth, passion, resurrection, ascension and the sending down on the Holy Ghost should be kept in devout observance
When was the 5 articles of Perth forced
1618
What happened after the 5 articles of Perth were introduced
Seen as an attempt to introduce Anglicanism (in not Catholicism) into Scotland
Met intense opp
James backtracked and while they were not repealed , they were not strictly enforced either
When did Charles and laud tried to separate churches of eng and Scot together
1637
How did laud and Charles try to bring separate churches of Scotland and eng together
Introduced a new book of canons to replace John Knox book of discipline as the authority for the org of the Kirk - 1633
Introduced a modified form of the book of commo prayer into Scotland
This was written by Scottish bishops but was heavily influenced by laud -1635
What straight opposition was there fo Charles reform of the Church of Scotland
There was consultation in Scottish Parliament of in the assembly of the Kirk - Scots outraged
Wanted to keep their religion etc
A movement against laudian reform across Scotland headed by Presbyterian noble men and radical clergymen
In Edinborough riots broke out when the new prayer book was read
1639- National convenient - protest 300,000 sig
Explain the National covenant
Protest
300,000 signatures
Protest turned into campaign of petitions and supplicants denouncing laudian prayer book and criticising the power of bishops
LEd by the lord, loudoun, rothes, balmerino, and Lindsay,
the supplicants org four elected ‘tables’ or committees to represent nobility, gentry, burgesses (townpeople), clergy and w a 5th table as an executive body
Clergyman-Henderson and lawyer- Johnston of Wariston were given task of drawing up a national convening to unite supplicants and clarify aims
Covenant called for attachment commitment to doctrines already enshrined by Acts of Parliament and for a rejection on untried ‘innovations’ in religion
Emphasised loyalty to king but implied no toleration towards Roman Catholicism
When/where was there a proclamation to summon a general assembly (the Glasgow assembly)
Sept 22 1638
Edinburgh
When and where did the Glasgow assembly meet
Glasgow cathedral
21 Nov 1638
Outcome of Glasgow assembly before dissolution
Covenanters dominated proceedings
Biter convo
Lord rothers and loudoun over the election, membership and power of the Assembly, the Marquis of Hamilton declared its dissolution on 28 Nov
When was the dissolution of the Glasgow assembly
28 Nov 1638
What happened after the dissolution of the assembly
The assembly continued to sit in defiance of Hamilton who called a meeting of the privy council and issued a proclamation confirming and justifying his actions
The powerful Earl of Argyll remained at the assembly, indicating his own support for the Covenanters for the first time
Hamilton left to consult the king , 7 other privy councillors followed Argyll and issued declarations of support for the Covenanters
What happened to the Glasgow assembly after Hamilton left
No representatives of the king present
Assembly nullified all acts and pronouncement of general assemblies held between 1606-18 as they had been dominated by the kings and bishops
Lauds prayer book and new book of canons were condemned as unlawful having not been sanctioned by the church
8 Dec- assembly voted to abolish episcopal from the Scottish church and declare it unlawful
2 days later the ‘popish’ 5 articles of Perth which were accepted by the general assembly before- were also abolished
All Scottish bishops were deposed and excommunicated
5 reasons why Charles lost the first bishops war
English military system
Nature of English local gov
Unpopularity of war
Kings political blunders
Absence of parliament
How did the English military system lead to Charles losing the first bishops war
Early 17th century Eng- caught in transition from medieval private armies to moderate public armies
The old feudal system no longer existed but it had not yet been replaced w a progressional standing army paid for by taxation
The ‘English army’ was out together from the country millitias, poorly trained and equipped, uncommitted to any national cause
There was also the usual problem of desertion made worse by lack of pay
How did the English local gov lead to Charles losing the first bishops war
Gov ‘of the county, by the county, for the county’ was not a system likely to produce an efficient, well trained army during an unpopular war
Unpaid local officials trying to raise troops and money faced the wrath of friends and neighbours who would rather make war on Spanish then Scottish
Counties were reluctant to part w weapons they owned privately and intended for local defence
