Thinking, Language and Intelligence Flashcards
Thinking is:
The act of processing information
The act of processing information is:
Thinking
Critical thinking is:
Consciously directing our mental processes to reach particular goals
Consciously directing our mental processes to reach particular goals is called:
Critical thinking
We can solve problems using ____________ and _____________
Algorithms, Heuristics
An algorithm is:
Specific procedure for solving a type of problem
Heuristics are:
Shortcuts; mental rules of thumb used to solve a problem
Analogies:
Refer to a previous problem to solve a new problem
Heuristics are based on:
Analogies
Some of the factors that affect problem solving are:
Expertise, Mental Sets, Insight, Incubation, Functional Fixedness
In Expertise:
Experts use parallel processing; novices use serial processing
Mental Sets are:
The tendency to use an approach that was previously successful with similar problem
In Incubation you,
Stand back from a problem for a while; solution may come in a flash of insight
Tendency to think of an object in terms of its familiar function is called:
Functional Fixedness
Make judgments about events according to the population of events that they appear to represent is the:
Representativeness heuristic
Estimate of probability is based on examples of relevant events is the:
Availability heuristic
People’s confidence of their own knowledge and ability exceeds their actual knowledge and ability is called
Overconfidence
The Communication of information by means of symbols arranged according to rules of grammar is called:
Language
Sounds or signs of a language have meaning is called
Semanticity
Semanticity is:
Sounds or signs of a language have meaning
Capacity to create rather than imitate sentences is
Infinite creativity
Infinite creativity
Capacity to create rather than imitate sentences
Capacity to communicate in another time or place is called
Displacement
Displacement
Capacity to communicate in another time or place
Vygotsky belives:
Language as the basis for thought
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis is that:
Language structures the way we perceive the world
The idea that Language structures the way we perceive the world is called:
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis
Prelinguistic vocalizations are:
Crying, cooing, babbling
By age 6 a child knows about:
6000 words
Around age 2 a child knows:
A few hundred
What is overregulation?
Application of regular grammatical rules to irregular verbs and nouns
Between 7- to 9-years Children realize words:
Can have more than one meaning
Psycholinguistic theory is the theory that:
Interaction of environmental influences and inborn tendency
All languages:
Follow the same rules
LAD stands for:
Language Acquisition Device
The underlying ability to understand the world and cope with its challenges is the definition of:
Intelligence
A single word used to express complex meanings is:
A holophrase
A holophrase is:
A single word used to express complex meanings
______________ theory is that intelligence is made up of 2 factors; General Intelligence and specific intelligences.
Spearman’s
_________________ theory of intelligence is that there are _____ factors of intelligence
Thurstone’s, 9
Sternberg’s _____________ Theory of intelligence is comprise of ____________, _____________, and __________ ability.
Analytical, Creative, Practical.
________-________ developed the first test to measure children’s mental age.
Binet-Simon
The ________ scales have separate subscales for verbal and performance tasks.
Wechsler
