Things I Don't Know Flashcards
what elicits the sensation of a bitter taste?
alkaloids
What begins the discriminative aspects of taste?
the VPM of thalamus
what brain region integrates the emotional response to an odor?
periamygdaloid cortex
remember going camping when smelling a fire?
entorhinal cortex–> hippocampus
feeling happy upon smelling cooking baking in the over?
periamygdaloid cortex
appreciating the look, smell, flavor, and texture of food?
the medial orbitofrontal cortex
feeling hungry after smelling good food
piriform cortex to lateral hypothalamus
salivating in response to a delicious taste?
nucleus tractus solitarius
identifying the taste of cinnamon in a dessert?
gustatory cortex
appreciating the look and smell of food
orbitofrontal cortex
eating a cooking conjures fond memories of childhood
amygdala
seeing a plate of food and realizing you are hungry
hypothalamus
calming down after eating your food
limbic system
what is the core of the theory of mind?
amygdala, mediotemporal lobes, and the orbitofrontal cortex
what parts of the brain function in the expected reward system?
the basal ganagli, insular cortex, intraparietal area, and the amygdala
if the auditory cortex, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and frontal cortex is activated, what is happening?
hearing and understanding prosody
what are we doing when the superior temporal sulcus and the fusiform gyrus is activated?
recognizing faces
how do you get to an emotional comprehension?
the anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala
what is happening if the dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus is activated?
you are shivering
what nucleus relays information from the hypothalamus to the autonomic nucleus?
the paraventricular nucleus
what parts of the brain are required to make you avoid something?
entorhinal cortex, lateral posterior hypothalamus, and the dorsal midbrain
if most of the receptors in the area are increasing their discharge rate as the temperature goes up, where are these thermoreceptors located?
pre-optic and super optic parts of the hypothalamus
which part of the brain links a positive outcome to a decision made, integrates signals to arrive at a gut feeling, and helps us delay gratification when it comes to expressing our emotions?
the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
what does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex do?
monitors performance
what part of the brain monitors our current emotional state and detects events that might change our emotional state?
the anterior cingulate cortex
What neurons in the hippocampus provide the spatial map that is believed to allow us to scaffold a recalled memory
place cells
what part of the brain is responsible for mediating shivering?
dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus
what does calcium binding to calmodulin produce?
increase in cAMP–> phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor
what happens when calcium binds to calcineurin?
activation of NOS
what does consolidating a memory from short to long term require?
hippocampus, temporal lobes, papez circuit
the sensory inputs used to create fear arrive at what part of the amygdala?
the lateral nucleus of the amygdala
how do you inhibit anger?
neocrotex, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
what causes olfactory fear conditioning?
the anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus
what do ABC transporters work to do?
to clear the all-trans retinal from photoreceptors
mutations in ABC4 are known to cause what?
macular degeneration
what is grave’s disease?
primary hyperthyroidism
what is associative visual agnosia?
patient cannot name or describe an object in the visual field but he can recognize and demonstrate its use
what causes associative visual agnosia?
PCA damage- infarction of the left occipital lobe and posterior corpus callosum
what constantly activates the NA?
hippocampus, amygdala, PFC
how does the ventral tegmental area get activated?
EAA from the PFC, Acethylcholine from the dorsal tegmental area, or orexin from the hypothalamus
in addition to releasing GABA, what do the NA neurons also release onto the VTA?
dynorphin
where does dynorphin bind on the VTA?
on the kappa-opiod receptor
where are endogenous opioids released onto and what receptor do they bind to?
the VTA, NA, and the PFC; bind to a mu-opioid receptor
how do endogenous opioids increase DA in the VTA?
by inhibition of GABAergic neurons
what does the locus ceruleus mediate?
physical dependency
what can be two targets of CREB?
the locus ceruleus and dynorphin
