Histology of Endocrine Organs Flashcards
what cells make up endocrine glands?
epithelioid cells
what are the direct targets of the hypothalamic hormones?
anterior pituitary, kidney and uterus, adrenal medulla
what type of hormones does the hypothalamus release?
tropic hormones
the ectodermal placode leads to what during what week of development?
it leads to Rathke’s pouch by the 3rd week
when is rathke’s pouch in its final destination?
week 8
what type of cells make up the anterior pituitary gland?
glandular epithelial cells
what are the three parts of the anterior pituitary?
pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia
what is the large part of the posterior pituitary referred to as?
pars nervosa
what is the remnant of the lumen of rathke’s pouch?
cyst intermedia
what do the corticotropic cells secrete?
ACTH and MSH
what do the acidophilic cells appear as?
red
what do the basophilic cells appear as?
darkish purple
what do the acidophils secrete?
GH and prolactin
what do the basophils secrete?
FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH
What is the pars nervosa continuous with?
the median eminence of the hypothalamus via the infundibular stalk
what does the pars nervosa consist of?
hypothalamic unmyelinated axons, herring bodies, and pituicytes
what is the function of the herring bodies?
they are expanded axonal nerve terminals storing ADH/oxytocin
how are the hypothalamic hormones released into the pars distalis?
via the hypophyseal portal system
which hypothalamic neurons synthesis and secrete ADH and oxytocin?
supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus
what is the pineal gland covered with?
pia mater
what does the pineal gland synthesize?
melatonin and serotonin
what type of cells are the follicular cells of the thyroid?
simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
what does the colloid contain?
thyroglobulin
where are the parafollicular c cells found?
they lie just outside the follicles in the thyroid gland
what is the role of parafollicular cells?
they secrete calcitonin when blood levels of calcium are high
how do parafollicular c cells appear when stained?
they are lightly stained
what is grave’s disease?
abnormal antibodies stimulating TSH receptors which causes an over secretion of T3 and T4
What causes goiters?
it is a thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency (the follicle cells keep producing thyroglobulin but cannot iodinate it to make TH
what is the main cell type found in the parathyroid gland?
Chief (principal cells)
what do the chief cells release?
PTH
besides chief cells, what other cell type is found in the parathyroid gland?
Oxyphil cells
what cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
spherical cells called chromaffin cells
what are the exocrine cells that make up part of the pancreas?
pancreatic acini
what are the endocrine cells that are found in the pancrease?
islets of langerhans
What are the pancreatic hormones?
glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
what cells in the pancreas secrete somatostatin?
Delta cells
what cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?
Beta cells
what cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon?
alpha cells
what cells in the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide?
F cells
