Introduction to the Endocrine System Flashcards
Most hormones are of what class?
peptide or protein
What are the very general steps of peptide/protein hormone synthesis?
Synthesis, packaging, storage, and secretion
What are the steroid hormones?
cortisol, aldosterone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, and vitamin D
What are all steroid hormones a derivative of?
cholesterol
What are the amine hormones?
the catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) and Thyroid hormones
the amine hormones are derivatives of what?
the amino acid tyrosine
same cell type same tissue type signaling?
autocrine
same tissue but two different cell types signaling?
paracrine
different tissue and 2 different cell types signaling?
endocrine
what is a general characteristic of steroid hormones?
they are lipid soluble
what is the purpose of binding proteins?
they act to increase the plasma 1/2 life and decrease the metabolic clearance rate
what is a major input that regulates the hypothalamus?
the suprachiamatic nucleus (SCN) (the circadian rhythm
how can responsiveness of target tissue be changed?
by changing the number of receptors and by changing the affinity of the receptors for the hormone
what hormones act by the adenylyl cyclase mechanism?
ACTH LH FSH TSH and glucagon
what is the secondary effector in the adenylyl cyclase mechanism?
protein kinase A (PKA)
