Physiology of Olfaction and Gustation Flashcards
loss of the sense of smell
anosmia
loss of sense of taste
aguesia
taste buds are what type of cell?
specialized epithelia cells
the apical domain of taste buds contain what?
microvilli, tastant receptors, voltage-gated ion channels, and TRP receptors
what is the NT released when sours (H+ ions) tastants bind?
serotonin
what is the NT released when salty (Na+ ions) bind?
serotonin
what is the NT released when sugars bind to the GPCR?
ATP
where does glutamate bind to?
an mGluR4 GPCR
what is released when glutamate (umami) binds to it’s receptor?
ATP
what is released when bitter compounds bind to their GPCR?
ATP
olfactory cells are what type of neurons?
bipolar neurons
what do olfactory cells release as their NT?
glutamate
what is the olfactory receptor for odorants?
GPCR (Golf)
what is the second messenger in the olfactory receptor neuron?
cAMP
what does cAMP open in the olfactory receptor neuron?
cyclic-nucleotide gated channels
what is the role of the cyclic-nucleotide gated channels?
they allow Na+ and Ca2+ to influx into the cell and depolarization occurs
what are the three mechanisms for olfactory receptor neuron adaptation to a smell?
enzymatic breakdown of cAMP, reduced affinity for cAMP, Golf can become phosphorylated