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MSK > Thigh/Gluteal Region - Rob > Flashcards

Thigh/Gluteal Region - Rob Flashcards

1
Q

What three bones make up the pelvis?

A

Ischium, ilium, pubis

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial, ball-and-socket

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3
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

To deepen the area of articulation in the acetabulum, thereby stabilising the joint

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4
Q

What factors stabilise the hip joint?

A

Acetabular labrum
Intracapsular ligaments
Extracapsular ligaments
Muscule attachments

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5
Q

What are the three extra capsular hip ligaments?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

One to each bone of the pelvis

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6
Q

What makes up the vascular supply to the hip joint?

A

Artery to head of femur

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

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7
Q

In what direction is the hip more likely to dislocate? And why?

A

Posteriorly, due to the weaker posterior support (only the ischiofemoral ligament)

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8
Q

What signs indicate a posterior dislocation may have occurred?

A

The affected limb is shortened and internally rotated

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9
Q

Why is an intracapsular NoF fracture more severe?

A

Increased risk of AVN due to interrupted blood supply

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10
Q

How may the gluteal muscles be divided?

A

Deep group vs. superficial group

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11
Q

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemellus superior and inferior
Quadratus femoris

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12
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus minimus, medius and maximus

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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15
Q

What innervates piriformis?

A

Branches from L5, S1 and S2 (nerve to piriformis in sheffield)

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16
Q

What are the functions of the 4 deep muscles apart from quadratus femoris?

A

Abduction of flexed femur

Lateral rotation

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17
Q

What is the function of quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation only

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18
Q

What innervates gluteus medius minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

What innervates gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

What is the function of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Stabilises the knee joint in extension

21
Q

What is a safe location for IM injection over the gluteal region?

A

Upper lateral quadrant, to avoid damage to the sciatic nerve, or other nerves and vessels in the region

22
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial and posterior

23
Q

What is the general function of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexion at the hip joint and extension at the knee joint

24
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A 
Psoas major
Iliacus
Vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
25
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral nerve

26
Q

What forms quadriceps femoris?

A

The three vastus muscles and rectus femoris

27
Q

What tests reflex activity at L3 and L4?

A

Tapping the patellar ligament as quad femoris is innervated mainly by L4/L4

28
Q

How many muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

29
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis
Pectinius
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis, longus and magnus

30
Q

What innervates gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve

31
Q

What innervates the adductor muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

32
Q

What innervates pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve

33
Q

What is the general function of the muscles in the medial compartment?

A

Adduction

also some rotation and flexion

34
Q

What is the function of obturator externus?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

35
Q

What is the function of the adductor muscles?

A

Adduction

Longus and magnus also medially rotate the thigh

36
Q

What is the function of pectinius?

A

Adduction

Flexion of thigh at hip joint

37
Q

What is the function of gracilis?

A

Adducts thigh at hip

Flexes leg at knee joint

38
Q

What is the general function of the posterior compartment?

A

To flex at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the hip joint

39
Q

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment?

40
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

41
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment?

A

Sciatic nerve

42
Q

In addition to flexion of the knee and extension of the thigh what is the function of biceps femoris?

A

Lateral rotation of the leg at the knee joint

43
Q

In addition to flexion of the knee and extension of the thigh what is the function of semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

Medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior = inguinal ligaments
Medial = adductor longus 
Lateral = sartorius
45
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

NAVY (Lateral to Medial)
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein

46
Q

What is the apex of the femoral triangle continuous with?

A

Adductor canal

47
Q

What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral hernias
Femoral pulse
Access to femoral artery e.g ABGs or catheterisation

48
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

Femoral artery, vein and associated lymphatics

49
Q

What is the clinical significance of the femoral canal?

MSK (15 decks)

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