Back/Pectoral Region/Rotator Cuffs Flashcards

1
Q

name the superficial back muscles

A

trapezius, lattissimus dorsi, levator scapulae + rhomboids (major and minor)

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2
Q

which muscles are involved in arm abduction?

A

supraspinatus (5-15 degrees), deltoid (up to 90), trapezius

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3
Q

what is the action and innervation of the trapezius?

A

accessory nerve.
upper fibres = abduction of arm
middle fibres = retract scapula
lower fibres = pull scapula inferiorly

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4
Q

what is the action and innervation of the lattissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve.

extends, adducts + medially rotates upper limb

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5
Q

what is the action and innervation of levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

elevates scapula

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6
Q

what muscle does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

lattissimus dorsi

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7
Q

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

levator scapulae and both rhomboids

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8
Q

which is superior, rhomboid major or minor?

A

minor

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9
Q

what is the action and innervation of rhomboid major/minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

retracts + rotates scapula

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10
Q

which wall of the axilla do the pec major/minor muscles contribute to?

A

anterior

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11
Q

what are the two heads of pectoralis major, and where do they insert to?

A

clavicular and sternocostal

both insert together in the bicipital groove

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12
Q

what is the action and innervation of pectoralis major?

A

adduct and medially rotate arm (clavicular head also flexes)

medial + lateral pectoral nerves

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13
Q

what is the action and innervation of pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

depresses shoulder

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14
Q

to which wall of the axilla does the serratus anterior contribute?

A

medial

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15
Q

what is the action and innervation of serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

rotates scapula, allowing arm to be raised over 90 degrees

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16
Q

what does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

serratus anterior

17
Q

name the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

deltoid + teres major, plus the 4 rotator cuff muscles:

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis + teres major

18
Q

what is the action and innervation of the deltoids?

A

axillary nerve
anterior fibres flex arm @ shoulder
middle fibres - major arm abductor (5-90 degrees)
posterior fibres - extend arm @ shoulder

19
Q

what is the action and innervation of teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

adducts @ shoulder + medially rotates the arm

20
Q

which of teres major/minor is a rotator cuff muscle?

A

minor

21
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis + teres minor

22
Q

what is the main action of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

hold humeral head in the glenoid fossa, stabilising the joint

23
Q

what is the action and innervation of supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

abduction 0-5 degrees, and assists deltoids for 5-90 degrees

24
Q

what is the action and innervation of infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

lateral rotation of arm

25
Q

which two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

26
Q

what is the action and innervation of subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

medially rotates arm

27
Q

what is the action and innervation of teres minor?

A

axillary nerve

laterally rotates arm