Joints of Lower Limb

Question 1

what type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

ball-and-socket synovial

Question 2

what are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?

Answer 2

head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis

Question 3

name the intracapuslar ligament of the hip joint?

Answer 3

ligament to the head of the femur

Question 4

how many extracapsular ligaments does the hip joint have?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

name the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 5

iliofemoral, puboremoral and ischiofemoral

Question 6

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 6

prevents hyperextension

Question 7

where is the iliofemoral ligament located?

Answer 7

anteriorly

Question 8

where is the pubofemoral ligament located?

Answer 8

anterior and inferiorly

Question 9

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 9

prevents excessive abduction and extension

Question 10

which ligament of the hip joint is located posteriorly?

Answer 10

ischiofemoral

Question 11

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 11

prevents extension of femur at hip

Question 12

what are the stabilising factors of the hip joint?

Answer 12

acetabulum - deep, encompasses almost whole head of femur
acetabular labrum - fibrocartilaginous collar, deepends articulation
ligaments - very strong, spiral arrangement

Question 13

what type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 13

hinge type synovial

Question 14

what are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 14

tibiofemoral articulation - medial/lateral condyles of femur articulating with tibia
patellofemoral articulation - anterior and distal part of femur artoculating with patella

Question 15

what is the function of the patellofemoral articulation?

Answer 15

allows quadriceps femoris tendon to be inserted directly over knee, increasing efficiency of muscle as an extensor

Question 16

which articulation at the knee is weightbearing, tibiofemoral or patellofemoral?

Answer 16

tibiofemoral

Question 17

which meniscus is attached to a collateral ligament?

Answer 17

medial, attached to MCL and so may be damaged if MCL is ruptured

Question 18

what are the functions of the menisci?

Answer 18

deepen articular surfaces to increase stability

act as shock absorbers

Question 19

name the 5 ligaments of the knee

Answer 19

patellar
medial and lateral collaterals
anterior and posterior cruciates

Question 20

what is the function of the ACL?

Answer 20

prevents anterior dislocation of knee

Question 21

what is the function of the PCL?

Answer 21

prevents posterior dislocation of knee

Question 22

what type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 22

hinge type synovial

Question 23

what are the articulating surfaces of the ankle joint?

Answer 23

tibia and fibula and talus

Question 24

what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 24

fibrous

Question 25

what causes the increase in stability at the ankle joint when foot is dorsiflexed?

Answer 25

talus is wedge-shaped, wider at distal end, and so the articulating portion increases in width as dorsiflexion increasing, increasing stability

Question 26

where are the two sets of ankle joint ligaments from?

Answer 26

one from each malleolus

Question 27

what is the function of the medial ankle ligaments?

Answer 27

resist over-eversion of foot

Question 28

what is the function of the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 28

resist over-inversion of foot