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kin 226 > Thermoregulation & Exercise in Hot & Cold > Flashcards

Thermoregulation & Exercise in Hot & Cold Flashcards

1
Q

Homeothermic

A

body temp is constant

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2
Q

conduction

A

transfer of heat by direct molecular contact (such as body core to adjacent tissues, body surface to clothes or air)

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3
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat by the motion of a gas or liquid across a heated surface (air molecules, water molecules)

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4
Q

where is body temp regulated

A

thermoregulatory centre in hypothalamus

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5
Q

what is the normal body temp range

A

36.1-37.8 degrees celsius

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6
Q

4 methods of heat loss

A

evaporation
convection
conduction
radiation

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7
Q

which method of heat loss is occurring when more movement means more heat loss

A

convection

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8
Q

radiation

A

body heat is given off by in fared rays

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9
Q

what is the main source of heat loss at rest?

A

radiation

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10
Q

how much excess heat do you lose by radiation at room temp

A

60%

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11
Q

Evaporation

A

liquide (sweat) converted to a vapour by heat from the skin

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12
Q

what is the main method of heat transfer during exercise and how much heat is lost?

A

evaporation

80% at exercise and 20% at rest

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13
Q

which of the 4 heat loss methods can also make you gain heat

A

radiation
convection
conduction

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14
Q

what does sweat rate depend on?

A

environmental conditions, exercise intensity, fitness level,
acclimatization, hydration

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15
Q

what amount of sweating can happen at exercise?

A

1L/hr

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16
Q

what is the body’s mechanism to increase heat production through muscle activity

A

shivering

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17
Q

what happens with cold stress

A

peripheral blood flow decreases, blood flow to core increases

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18
Q

what are the catecholamines released to increase heat production during cold exposure

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

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19
Q

what is the problem with exercising in the heat

A

skin and muscles competing for blood

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20
Q

This happens in what situation “ decreased venous return because decreased LVEDV and SV, maintained Q because increased HR and Cardiovascular drift occurs”?

A

exercise in the heat

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21
Q

why does earlier fatigue and exhaustion occur with exercise in the heat

A

increased rate of glycogen depletion and lactate accumulation

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22
Q

Euhydration

A

normal body water

23
Q

Dehydration

A

loss of body water resulting in a state of hypohydration

24
Q

hyperhydration

A

body retains excess body fluids

25
Q

what is the risk of overheating when dehydrated?

A

impairment of thermoregulation

therefore decreased sweat rate, skin blood flow and SV function & exercise capacity

26
Q

what is the max amount of water loss through sweating during exercise in the heat?

A

3L/hr

27
Q

what is the main focus of fluid balance?

A

to maintain plasma volume

28
Q

requirement for water depends on _____

A

weight

29
Q

insensible perspiration

A

occurs on skin; non visible and mostly pure water and accounts for 30%
of body water losses
(always sweating)

30
Q

Voluntary dehydration

A

loss of body water for a specific task/sport (decreased performance by 10-15%)

31
Q

Involuntary Dehydration

A

hypo hydration of >2% of body weight leads to decreased performance. common in prolonged exercise events

32
Q

What does fluid loss lead to?

A

reduction in CV function and temperature regulation, decreased plasma volume and decreased Q, increased core temp

33
Q

what are 3 methods of preventing fluid loss

A

skin wetting
hyperhydration
rehydration

34
Q

1lb = how many ml of dehydration after an exercise bout?

A

450ml

35
Q

electrolyte replacement

A

sodium

potassium

36
Q

what percent of volume ingested must be made to restore fluid volume

A

25-50% MORE than the loss

37
Q

true or false: CHO is good for you after exercise

A

true, benefits exercise performance

38
Q

what do glucose and electrolyte drinks help ?

A

maintain muscle / liver glycogen

blood glucose

39
Q

post-exercise you should super hydrate with?

A

water,
electrolytes,
carbohydrates

40
Q

4 environmental factors that lead to head stress

A

air temp
humidity
air velocity
amount of radiation

41
Q

what does fitness level influence in heat stress

A

increased plasma volume, skin blood flow and sweating,
earlier sweating and more dilute
decreased heat stress

42
Q

what does body comp influence in heat stress?

A

increased fat means increased heat stress and risk of heat stroke

43
Q

what does hydration level influence in heat stress?

A

increased hydration means a decreased fluid loss but a similar SV

44
Q

what does gender influence in heat stress

A

similar acclimatization but men sweat more and earlier at an increased rate

45
Q

what does age influence in heat stress?

A

few differences but may have impeded heat dissipation because of impaired circulation

46
Q

what does being a child mean for heat stress factors?

A

decreased Q and decreased blood available to the skin, decreased plasma volume, decreased sweating rate

47
Q

Heat acclimatization

A
  • within a week with 2-4 hours of daily exposure
  • daily bouts of exercise in heat for 15-20 min
  • improves ability to eliminate heat because of increased skin blood flow and increased sweat
  • earlier sweating
  • lower HR and core temp
  • less blood needed at skin
  • decreased reliance on CHO metabolism
48
Q

Heat cramps

A

cramping of exercised muscles (spasm)

- due to decreased minerals and water

49
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

CV system cannot meet demand because blood pools in periphery

50
Q

symptoms of heat exhaustion

A 
fatigue
breathlessness
hypotension
dizziness
fainting
weak rapid pulse
51
Q

Heat stroke

A

internal body temp greater than 40 C
stopping of sweating
rapid pulse and respiration

52
Q

why does O2 consumption increase for a given intensity in the cold?

A

shivering takes energy

53
Q

acclimatization to the cold

A
  • > increase in blood flow to extremities to avoid cold stress on hands and feet
  • > enhanced peripheral blood flow

kin 226 (16 decks)

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