Cardiovascular system part 3

Question 1

Cardiovascular system pump = ____, transportation = _____, medium = ______

Answer 1

heart, vessels, blood

Question 2

what are the 3 main purposes of blood?

Answer 2

transport, regulate, protect

Question 3

what is blood made up of?

Answer 3

plasma, water, RBCs (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes)

Question 4

hematocrit

Answer 4

percent of formed elements in blood

Question 5

how does blood regulate

Answer 5

pH through buffers

body temp through water content

Question 6

what percent of plasma is water?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

how much of blood is plasma and how much formed elements

Answer 7

formed elements = 40-45%

plasma = 55%

Question 8

what is plasma made of?

Answer 8

90% water
7% plasma proteins
3% other

Question 9

what are the formed elements in blood made of?

Answer 9

99% RBCs

1% white blood cells and platelets

Question 10

what makes up the 7% of plasma that is protein

Answer 10

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 11

what are RBCs (erythrocytes)

Answer 11

produced in bone marrow
red colour because hemoglobin
120 day life cycle
amino acids & iron recycled

Question 12

what do RBCs do

Answer 12

transport O2 bound to hemoglobin using iron (20 ml O2 in 100 ml blood is max. saturation)

Question 13

hemoglobin

Answer 13

protein portion of RBC that binds oxygen and is made of 4 iron hemes and a glob in protein

Question 14

what can a high hematocrit mean

Answer 14

dehydration or blood doping

Question 15

what is the correct way to describe the normal O2 content of arterial blood?

Answer 15

20ml O2 / 100ml blood

Question 16

what are the factors limiting VO2 max

Answer 16

muscle metabolism, how body gets rid of toxins, O2 extraction, oxidative enzymes, capillarization, genetics, body size, cardiac output

Question 17

what is VO2 max

Answer 17

greatest amount of O2 that body can take in, transport, and utilize during exercise
= Q max x A-VO2 diff max

Question 18

respiratory system limitations to VO2 max

Answer 18

O2 diffusion
ventilation
a-vO2 difference

Question 19

about what % of genetics may explain individual differences in training adaptations

Answer 19

25-40%