cardiovascular system part 1

Question 1

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 1

right and left atria, right and left ventricle

Question 2

cardiac muscle (myocardium)

Answer 2

striated under involuntary control, intercalated disks

Question 3

order of systemic circulation

Answer 3

heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
heart

Question 4

pulmonary circulation

Answer 4

to the lungs

Question 5

pulmonary arteries

Answer 5

only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood - blood to lungs

Question 6

order of pulmonary circulation

Answer 6

heart
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
heart

Question 7

systole

Answer 7

phase of ventricular contraction

Question 8

diastole

Answer 8

phase of ventricular relaxation

Question 9

end-systolic volume

Answer 9

blood volume remaining in ventricles after contraction

Question 10

end-diastolic volume

Answer 10

blood volume in ventricles prior to contraction

Question 11

stroke volume

Answer 11

volume of blood ejected from left ventricle with heart contraction

Question 12

ejection fraction

Answer 12

ratio of stroke volume to end-diastolic volume (higher when heart is full of blood and more efficient)

Question 13

preload

Answer 13

end diastolic pressure when heart chambers are fully stretched during diastole (good thing)

Question 14

afterload

Answer 14

resistance to heart pumping blood into circulation (ventricular emptying) which increases workload for the heart - it is bad if it is high

Question 15

arteries

Answer 15

carry blood away from the heart that is oxygenated (except pulmonary arteries)
thick walled, elastic,

Question 16

arterioles

Answer 16

smaller than arteries, much resistance, surrounded by smooth muscle, can change shape with vasoconstriction and dilation

Question 17

capillaries

Answer 17

very small, RBCs pass one at a time for gas exchange and nutrient exchange

Question 18

venules

Answer 18

empty into veins, size of arterioles

Question 19

veins

Answer 19

low resistance
blood toward heart (deoxygenated except pulmonary veins)
smooth muscle
distensible with one way valves

Question 20

bloop pressure

Answer 20

force exerted on blood vessel walls

Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 21

systolic blood pressure

Answer 21

force that blood exerts on arterial walls during systole (120mmHg at rest)

Question 22

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 22

force that blood exerts on arterial walls during diastole (~80mmHg)

Question 23

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 23

mean blood pressure in arterial system

-DBP + [0.333 (SBP-DBP)]

Question 24

which vessels have the largest diameter

Answer 24

arteries

Question 25

which vessels have the largest total cross-sectional area?

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

what factors influence blood pressure

Answer 26

cholesterol, age, elasticity, athlerosclerosis, diet, movement, heart rate, genetics, medication, vessel diameter, posture, altitude, health status, vessel length, peripheral resistance

Question 27

3 sources of peripheral resistance

Answer 27

vessel diameter
blood viscosity
blood vessel length

Question 28

blood pressure is highest in the ___

Answer 28

aorta

Question 29

blood pressure is lowest in the ___ and ____ of heart

Answer 29

veins and right atrium

Question 30

coronary circulation

Answer 30

blood returns to the right atrium via coronary veins

Question 31

thrombus

Answer 31

blood clot

Question 32

O2 consumption

Answer 32

a-vO2 diff x cardiac output

Question 33

arterio-venous oxygen difference

Answer 33

difference in amount of oxygen returned in venous blood and the amount originally carried in arterial blood

Question 34

Rate pressure product

Answer 34

myocardial oxygen consumption

RPP = HR x SBP