Respiration part 1

Question 1

4 main purposes of ventilation?

Answer 1

O2 into body
CO2 out
maintain pH balance
oral communication

Question 2

what 2 purposes of ventilation are ESSENTIAL for the bioenergetic process?

Answer 2

exchange of O2 into the body and exchange of CO2 out of the body

Question 3

how do O2 and CO2 move

Answer 3

from high concentration (pressure) to low concentration (pressure)

Question 4

external respiration

Answer 4

lungs to blood

Question 5

internal respiration

Answer 5

blood to cells

Question 6

cellular respiration

Answer 6

cells to energy

Question 7

pulmonary respiration

Answer 7

air to lungs

Question 8

air flow through respiratory system organs (order)

Answer 8

external nares
pharynx
larynx
epiglottis
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchioles
lungs

Question 9

bronchiole

Answer 9

small branches of the bronchi that carries air to and from the alveoli

Question 10

terminal bronchiole

Answer 10

smallest bronchiole in the conducting zone (end of the conductive zone)

Question 11

conductive zone location

Answer 11

nose to terminal bronchioles

Question 12

another name for conductive zone

Answer 12

anatomical dead space

Question 13

what is anatomical dead space

Answer 13

the conductive zone where 1ml per alb of ideal body weight is non functioning

Question 14

what does the conductive zone do?

Answer 14

warms and humidifies air to 37 C and 99.5% saturated
transport air
filter incoming air

Question 15

True or false: healthy adults have no physiological dead space

Answer 15

false. it will just be a small space, unhealthy people like smokers, have lots of unusable alveoli

Question 16

respiratory zone

Answer 16

site of gas exchange from respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

Question 17

respiratory bronchiole

Answer 17

bronchiole that contain scattered alveoli

Question 18

alveolar duct

Answer 18

elongated air passageway, lined by alveoli

Question 19

alveolar sac

Answer 19

clusters of alveoli that open into a common space

Question 20

alveoli

Answer 20

site of gas exchange (300 mil by age 8)

Question 21

physiological dead space

Answer 21

alveoli with no blood supply, no gas exchange

Question 22

what does movement of air depend on? (2 things)

Answer 22

pressure gradient

resistance

Question 23

pressure gradient

Answer 23

high pressure to low pressure

Question 24

resistance of air flow

Answer 24

tissue friction

airway resistance

Question 25

boyles law

Answer 25

the pressure of a gas is inversely related to its volume where low pressure = high volume and vice versa

Question 26

inspiration

Answer 26

active process where diaphragm contracts to elongate the chest cavity and external intercostals elevate the rib cage to expand chest cavity

Question 27

pleura

Answer 27

thin, double layered membrane that lines the chest cavity and external lung surfaces

Question 28

visceral pleura

Answer 28

lines surface of the lungs

Question 29

parietal pleura

Answer 29

lines region of the thoracic cavity between the rib cage and pleural space

Question 30

what happens to pressure with inspiration

Answer 30

volume increases so pressure decreases and intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure so air flows into the lungs

Question 31

expiration

Answer 31

passive at rest because of relaxation of inspiratory muscles and active when forced

Question 32

pressure in expiration

Answer 32

intrathoracic pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

Question 33

muscles in forced expiration

Answer 33

internal intercostals

abdominal muscles

Question 34

respiratory pump

Answer 34

changes in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure assist in venous return so that the increase pressure transmits blood to vena cava

Question 35

bronchial circulation

Answer 35

small arteries that originate from the aorta, travel through the lungs and return as veins into the heart