Respiratory responses to exercise part 3 and Altitude

Question 1

external _______ is a limiting factor in some highly trained athletes

Answer 1

respiration

Question 2

why is external respiration a limiting factor in some highly trained athletes?

Answer 2

pulmonary system lags behind exceptional adaptations in CV and muscular systems and compromises arterial O2 saturation and O2 carrying capacity

Question 3

what is it called when the pulmonary system lags behind the exceptional CV and muscular systems?

Answer 3

exercise induced hypoxemia

Question 4

what happens with exercise induced hypoxemia

Answer 4

• decrease in PO2 (by at least 10mmHg)

- ability to perform high intensity activity is lower

Question 5

_____% of elite endurance athletes experience exercise induced hypoxemia

Answer 5

40-50%

Question 6

True or False: Elite athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia cannot avoid hyperventilation

Answer 6

false. they can avoid it

Question 7

causes to exercise-induced hypoxemia

Answer 7

1) inequality between ventilation and perfusion
2) limitations in O2 diffusion from RBCs with an increase in speed of blood flow due to CV system and decreased transit time of RBC and incomplete diffusion of O2
3) higher H+ ion levels

Question 8

Respiratory responses to Static exercise

Answer 8

similar to low intensity endurance exercise BUT NO 3 phase increase in Ve and rebound rise in Ve and a-vO2 difference in recovery

Question 9

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 9

happens when there is an abnormal increase in intra-thoracic pressure causing a decrease in bp due to increase in venous return and decrease in SV so decrease in Q - it is the breath holding action during static component and facilitates the strength of certain muscle groups

Question 10

females have ___ breathing frequency and ____ tidal volume than males

Answer 10

increased breathing frequency and decreased tidal volume

Question 11

true or false: females have to work harder so hyperinflation does not happen as often as in males

Answer 11

false. they have to work hard so there is more hyperinflation in females

Question 12

barometric pressure at sea level

Answer 12

760mmHg

Question 13

true or false: PO2 fraction remains constant at all barometric pressures

Answer 13

yes, it always is 21% of the air partial pressure

Question 14

true or false: at altitude PO2 decreases in air so PAO2 decreases

Answer 14

true

Question 15

a = ___?

Answer 15

arterial

Question 16

A = ____?

Answer 16

alveolar

Question 17

what causes hyperventilation?

Answer 17

decrease in PO2 and increase in Ve

Question 18

what happens to the Saturation of O2 (SaO2%) when the pressure gradient decreases?

Answer 18

SaO2 decreases

Question 19

what is the reason for plasma volume and total body water to decrease after 2 days at altitude

Answer 19

increase in hemoglobin, therefore hemoconcentration

Question 20

6 effects of altitude and acclimatization after ~2 weeks

Answer 20

1) plasma volume begins to restore (dehydration)
2) increased RBC production, hematocrit, Hb
3) decreased SV, max Q and VO2 max
4) decreased sub-max HR and Q
5) increased capillarization
6) right shift of O2 dissociation curve

Question 21

what happens to VO2 max with altitude

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

what happens to VO2 max above 1600m and from every 1000m above

Answer 22

decreases ~11% for every additional 1000m

Question 23

where does altitude sickness occur?

Answer 23

3000m or higher, rapid ascent

Question 24

what happens with altitude sickness?

Answer 24

changes in motor skills, mood, memory, hearing, vision

- dehydration, lack of appetite, nausea, fatigue, insomnia

Question 25

asthma

Answer 25

obstructive pulmonary disease, where hyper irritability of the pulmonary airways occurs

Question 26

Exercise induced asthma

Answer 26

muscus secretion and bronchoconstriction after 5-15 min