Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Thermal Physiology > Flashcards

Thermal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does temperature affect

A

Macromolecule structure and chemical physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What must organisms survive within

A

Within the highest and lowest temps in their environments
Also known as the ambient temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is body temperature controlled

A

By transferring heat between the organism and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is thermal

A

Heat of a given organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the heat of the organism determined

A

Heat produced + heat in the environment- heat out to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main source of heat in an organism

A

Metabolism which is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one region to another
Standing on a cold floor and the floor heating up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is convection

A

The transfer of heat from an object to external fluid
Losing heat to the air
Dependent on a thermal gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is radiation

A

Emission of electromagnetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is evaporation

A

Water molecules change from liquid to gas
Sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does fouriers law describe

A

Conduction rate or heat flux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do all organisms have the same conductance and why is this important

A

No, different conductivities play a role in an organisms behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does radiant energy come from and what does it control

A

Comes from the sun
Warming of an organism controlled by radiation
Stefan Boltzmann equation describes heat loss through radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What elements fluctuate heat transfer and how

A

Increase temp means more heat transfer
Increase in distance decreases heat transfer
Increase in conductivity increases heat transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is heat loss dependent on

A

Volume of water and its heat vaporization
Salt increase heat of vaporization so more heat is lost in sweat than pure water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do large or small animals lose heat more slowly

A

Large animals because they have a low surface area of volume ratio and they are better at retaining heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Bergman’s rule

A

Animals in cold environments tend to be larger than animals in warm environments
This is not always true
Usually applies to mammals and birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Allen’s rule

A

Animals in colder environments have shorter extremities than those in warmer environments which reduces surface area or body size ratio
Applies to mammals and birds

19
Q

Why is insulation important

A

It increases the distance between the thermal gradient which makes it more difficult to lose heat

20
Q

What is poikilothermy

A

Unstable body temps
Usually amphibians, reptiles, and fish
Most are ectotherms

21
Q

What is homeothermy

A

Stable body temps
Usually birds and mammals
Most are endotherms

22
Q

What is endothermy and ectothermy

A

Endothermy is source of heat inside the body, internal heat generated to maintain body heat
Ectothermy is source of heat outside the body, environment usually determines body temp

23
Q

What is a eurytherm

A

Can tolerate wide range of ambient temps

24
Q

What is stenotherm

A

Can tolerate narrow range of ambient temps

25
Q

What is the thermoneutral zone

A

Range of ambient temps where metabolic rate is minimal

26
Q

What is the upper critical temp

A

Metabolism increases to prevent overheating

27
Q

What is the lower critical temp

A

Metabolism increases to increase heat production

28
Q

What is thermotolerance

A

How well enzymes and chemicals deal with different temps

29
Q

What is Pejus temperature

A

Temperature where the max physiologically capacity declines due to deteriorating physiological systems

30
Q

How does temperature affect the cell membrane

A

High temps liquify them, low temps solidify them
Changes in the membrane content reduce cellular physiological effects

31
Q

What is thermal acclimation

A

Body tissues are reorganized to deal with changing ambient temps

32
Q

What is freeze tolerance

A

When the free volume of a liquid decreases the osmolarity increase and water moves from inside to outside the cell
Freezing can cause cell damage and steal water from the cells to induce hyperosmotic stress

33
Q

Why are ice nucleators important

A

They promote ice growth in specific locations of the body

34
Q

What is supercooling

A

Some organisms have antifreeze routines so their internal freezing temps of water can go below zero degrees Celsius

35
Q

What does shivering cause

A

Rapid muscle contraction or relaxation cycles which increases metabolic heat

36
Q

What does an increase in leak channels cause

A

More energy and heat produced to be used to reestablish gradients

37
Q

What is thermogenin

A

Uncoupling enzyme that decouples the protein pump from ATP synthesis

38
Q

What is brown adipose tissue

A

Found in small mammals and babies
Expresses thermogenin
Exergonic reaction of moving a proton not used to produce atp so it’s lost as heat

39
Q

What is piloerection

A

When hair serves as a better insulator when it’s erect because it increases the distance between the thermal gradient

40
Q

When does skin vascularization change and why

A

Changes with changes in ambient and body temps to reduce heat loss

41
Q

How does counter current exchange and lead retention work

A

Heat from tissues transferred to blood
Heat from arteries transferred to veins

42
Q

What is sweating

A

Evaporative cooling mechanisms that lead to water loss

43
Q

Why is panting important

A

High vascularity of respiratory surfaces allow heat exchange between blood and air
Longer respiratory surfaces aid in heat exchange so longer snouts head to more heat exchange

Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions