Therapies (chapter 16)

Question 1

Treatment

Answer 1

Systematic steps to understanding and changing patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting when they have caused distress and dysfunction over prolonged periods.

Question 2

How does Treatment Work?

Answer 2

1. Change something in the physical and or social environment, alter the demands
2. Try to enhance the person’s abilities (medication, psychotherapy)

Question 3

Psychotherapy

Answer 3

An interactive experience with a trained professional

Question 4

Goal of Psychotherapy

Answer 4

Understanding and changing dysfunctional habitual patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 5

Biomedical Therapy

Answer 5

The use of medications and or procedures to alter neurophysiological processes.

Question 6

Goal of Biomedical Therapy

Answer 6

Altering neurophysiological processes are assumed to contribute to the dysfunctional habitual patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 7

Clinical Psychologist

Answer 7

Have obtained PhD and can formally diagnose and treat mental health issues ranging from everyday and mild to chronic and severe.

Question 8

BiblioTherapy

Answer 8

The use of self-help books and other reading materials as a form of therapy.

Question 9

Community Psychology

Answer 9

Which focuses on identifying how individuals’ mental health is influenced by the community in which they live and emphasizes community-level variables such as social programs, support networks, and community resource centres to help those with mental illness adjust to the challenges of everyday life.

Question 10

Empirically Supported Treatments

Answer 10

Are treatments that have been tested and evaluated using scientific methods

Question 11

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 11

movement of large numbers of psychiatric inpatients from their care facilities back into regular society.

Question 12

Therapeutic Alliance

Answer 12

The relationship that emerges in therapy between the therapist and the patient

Question 13

Psychiatrist

Answer 13

Are medical doctors who specialize in mental health and who are allowed to diagnose and treat mental disorders through prescribing medications.

Question 14

Behavioural Therapy

Answer 14

Focuses on changing behaviour habits. It assumes that the cause is rooted in the reinforcement of behaviour.

Question 15

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 15

Focuses on changing mental habits. Assumes that the cause is rooted in problematic thought patterns that affect the normal appraisal of events, not the actual events

Question 16

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 16

Is a behavioural technique that involves replacing a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response, typically by using punishment.

Question 17

Client-Centred Therapy

Answer 17

Focuses on individuals’ abilities to solve their problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist.

Question 18

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Answer 18

Is a form of therapy that consists of procedures such as cognitive restructuring, stress inoculation training, and exposing people to experiences that may have a tendency to avoid, as in systematic desensitization

Question 19

Dream Analysis

Answer 19

Is a method of examining the details of a dream in order to gain insight into the true meaning of the dream, the emotional, unconscious material that is being communicated symbolically.

Question 20

Decentering

Answer 20

Which occurs when a person is able to “step back” from their normal consciousness

Question 21

Free Association

Answer 21

During this patients are encouraged to talk or write without censoring their thoughts in any way.

Question 22

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

Answer 22

A technique that combines mindfulness meditation with standard cognitive-behavioural therapy tools

Question 23

Insight Therapy

Answer 23

Which is a general term referring to therapy that involves dialogue between patient and therapist for the purposes of gaining awareness and understanding of psychological problems and conflict

Question 24

Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)

Answer 24

Is a treatment that uses graphical displays to create an experience in which the patients seems to be immersed in an actual environment

Question 25

Resistance

Answer 25

Occurs in therapy when the patient engages in strategies that keep unconscious thoughts to motivations that they wish to avoid from fully entering conscious awareness.

Question 26

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 26

In which gradual exposure to a feared stimulus or situation is coupled with relaxation training

Question 27

Resistance

Answer 27

Occurs in therapy when the patient engages in strategies that keep unconscious thoughts or motivations that they wish to avoid from fully entering conscious awareness.

Question 28

Transference

Answer 28

Patients direct certain patterns or emotional experiences toward the analyst, rather than the original person involved in their experiences

Question 29

Object Relations Therapy

Answer 29

A variation of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning

Question 30

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 30

This means that the therapist addresses the clients feelings and thoughts as they unfold in the present moment, rather than looking for unconscious motives or dwelling in the past

Question 31

Systems Approach

Answer 31

An orientation that encourages therapists to see an individual’s symptoms as being influenced by many interacting systems

Question 32

Anti-anxiety Drugs

Answer 32

Affect the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neural activity.

Question 33

Psychopharmacotherapy

Answer 33

The use of drugs to manage or reduce patients symptoms

Question 34

Psychotropic Drugs

Answer 34

Medications designed to later psychological functioning

Question 35

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 35

A network of tightly packed cells that allow only specific types of substances to move from the bloodstream to the brain in order to protect delicate brain cells against harmful infections and other substances

Question 36

Antidepressant Drugs

Answer 36

Medications designed to reduce symptoms of depression

Question 37

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 37

Work by deactivating monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft on nerve cells.

Question 38

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 38

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 39

Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 39

A class of antidepressant drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin.

Question 40

Antipsychotic Drugs

Answer 40

Are generally used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and severely disturbed or disorganized thought

Question 41

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 41

A common psychological illness involving recurring thoughts, images, and nightmares associated with traumatic events; it induces symptoms of tension and anxiety and can seriously interfere with many aspects of a person’s life.

Question 42

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 42

Is a movement disorder involving involuntary movements and facial tics

Question 43

Frontal Lobotomy

Answer 43

Surgically severing the connections between different regions of the brain.

Question 44

Atypical Antipsychotics

Answer 44

Second-generation antipsychotics are less likely to produce side effects, including movement disorders that commonly occur with first-generation antipsychotics.

Question 45

Leucotomy

Answer 45

The surgical destruction of brain tissues in the prefrontal cortex

Question 46

Focal Lesions

Answer 46

Which are small areas of brain tissue that are surgically destroyed

Question 47

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 47

Involves passing an electrical current though the brain in order to induce a temporary seizure

Question 48

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 48

Is a therapeutic technique in which a focal area of the brain is exposed to a powerful magnet filed across several treatment sessions

Question 49

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Answer 49

A technique that involves electrically stimulating specific regions of the brain

Question 50

Lithium

Answer 50

Was one of the first mood stabilizers to be prescribed regularly in psychiatry and from the 1950s-1980s was the standard drug treatment for depressions and bipolar disorder