Social psychology (chapter 13)

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

studies how people influence each others thoughts, emotions and behavior through their actual, imagined, recalled and/or anticipated presence

Question 2

Social psychology is interested in understanding how people

Answer 2

Perceive, influence and relate to other people

Question 3

Kurt Lewin

Answer 3

founder of modern social psychology

Question 4

B= F (P,E)

Answer 4

Behavior is a function of both the person and the environment

Question 5

behavior

Answer 5

is a function of both the person and environment

Question 6

conformity

Answer 6

behavior resulting from simple observation

Question 7

compliance

Answer 7

behavior produced by requests

Question 8

obedience

Answer 8

behavior produced by orders or demands of authority

Question 9

mimicry

Answer 9

taking on for ourselves the behaviors, emotional display, and facial expressions of others

Question 10

social norms

Answer 10

are the guidelines for how to behave in social contexts.

Question 11

ostracism

Answer 11

being ignored or excluded from social contact is another powerful form of social pressure

Question 12

social roles

Answer 12

guidelines that apply specific position within the group

Question 13

low efficacy beliefs

Answer 13

this occurs if tasks are too difficult or complex so people dont know where to start

Question 14

social facilitation

Answer 14

occurs when ones performance is affected by the presence of others

Question 15

normative influence

Answer 15

is the result of social pressure to adopt a groups perspective in order to be accepted into the group rather than rejected

Question 16

informational influence

Answer 16

occurs when people feel the group is giving them useful information

Question 17

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 17

the reduced personal responsibility that a person feels when more people are present in a situation

Question 18

altruism

Answer 18

helping others in need without receiving or expecting reward for doing so

Question 19

explicit processes

Answer 19

correspond to conscious thought
are deliberative, effortful, relatively slow and generally under our intentional control

Question 20

implicit processes

Answer 20

comprise our unconscious thought; they are intuitive, automatic, effortless, very fast and operator largely outside of our international control

Question 21

dual process-models

Answer 21

account for both implicit and explicit processes

Question 22

person perception

Answer 22

the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgement about other people

Question 23

thin slices of behavior

Answer 23

very small samples of a persons behavior

Question 24

self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 24

occur when a first impression affects ones behavior and then that affects other peoples behavior, leaning one to confirm the initial impression

Prediction that is true about an individual

Question 25

false consensus effect

Answer 25

the tendency to project the self-concept onto the social world

Question 26

naïve realism

Answer 26

our perceptions of reality are accurate, that we see things the way they are

Question 27

self-serving biases

Answer 27

biased ways of processing self-relevant information to enhance our positive self-evaluation

Question 28

internal attribution

Answer 28

whereby an observer explains the behavior of an act in terms of some innate quality of that person

Question 29

external attributions

Answer 29

whereby the observer explains the actors behavior as the result of the situation

Question 30

fundamental attribution error (FAE)

Answer 30

explaining the peoples behaviors

Question 31

implicit associations test (IAT)

Answer 31

measures how fast people can respond to images or words flashes on a computer screen

Question 32

elaborate likelihood model (ELM)

Answer 32

dual process model of persuasion that predicts whether factual information or other types of information will be most influential

Question 33

central route to persuasion

Answer 33

all about substance: it forces on facts, logic and the content of a message in order to persuade

Question 34

peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 34

focuses on features of the issue or presentation that are not factual

Question 35

constural-level theory

Answer 35

describes how information affects us differently depending on our psychological distance from the information

Question 36

identifiable victim effect

Answer 36

describes how people are more powerfully moved to action by the story of a single differing person than by information about a whole group of people

Question 37

attitude inoculation

Answer 37

a strategy for strengthening attitudes an making them more resistant to change by first exposing people to a weak counter-argument and then refuting that argument

Question 38

door-in-in the face technique

Answer 38

which involves asking for something relatively big, then following with a request for something relatively small

Question 39

foot-in the door technique

Answer 39

involves making a simple request followed by a more substantial request

Question 40

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 40

describing that when we hold inconsistent belief, this created a kind of aversive inner tension or dissonance; we are then motivated to reduce this tension in whatever way we can