motivation and emotion (chapter 11) Flashcards
motivation
the physiological and psychological process underlying the initiation of behaviors that direct organisms toward specific goals
Drives
biological triggers that tell us we may be deprived of something and cause us to seek out what is needed such as food or water
incentives
stimulus we seek out to reduce the drives
allostasis
the process whereby motivation is not only influenced by current needs, but also by the anticipation of future needs caused by stressed
unit bias
the tendency to assume that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume
-bottomless bowl experiment
three main social factors
social facilitation- eating more
impression management- eating less
modelling- eating whatever they ear
obesity
is a disorder characterized by excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure
Anorexia
nervosa is an eating disorder that involves, self-starvation, intense fear of weight gain and dissatisfaction with ones body, denial of the serious consequences of severely low weight
intrasexual selection
involves competition within the same sex for mating opportunities in some species, such as dominant males in primates. favors strongest and smartest
bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder that is characterized by periods of food deprivation, binge-eating and purging
intersexual
is when one sex selects mates based on desirable traits,
reasons to have sex!
- physical reasons (orgasm)
- to help attain a goal
- for emotional reasons (love, relationship)
- because of insecurity (felt obligated)
sexual orientation
involves a consistent preference for the sexual relations with the opposite sex, same sex, or either sex
gender roles
refer to accepted attitudes and behaviors for males and females in a society
sexual scripts
rules and assumptions about male and female sexual behaviors
sex guilt
negative emotion stemming from violations of cultural sexual norms
mallows hierarchy of needs
basic needs at bottom, personal fulfillment at top
achievement motivation
the drive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals
avoidance goal
an attempt to avoid a negative outcome
approach goal
enjoyable and placement incentive that a person is drawn toward
self-determination theory
an individuals ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the behaviors necessary to achieve those goals
self-efficacy
an individuals confidence that he or she can pan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem
intrinsic/mastery motives
motives that reflect a desire to understand or overcome a challenge
extrinsic/performance motives
generally those motives that are geared toward gaining rewards or public recognition, or avoiding embarrassment
amotivational
is a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behavior
spachter-singer two factor theory of emotion
patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences
or in english
a theory that states that emotion is due to two factors, physiological arousal and cognitive processes
hypothalamus
regulates biological needs and motivational systems
sexual response
described the phases of physiological change during sexual activity which compromises four primary stages
1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution
cingulate cortex
a region of brain involved in emotional processing
orbitofrontal cortex
involved in linking food taste and texture with reward
basil ganglia
motor control and reward center
self-actualization
the point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking and accepting human being
terror management theory
a psychological perspective asserting that the human fear or mortality motivates behavior, particularly behaviors that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging
in other words because what the fuck did that say
people feel threatened by their own death and therefore adopt worldviews that allow them to find meaning and worth in their lives.
anxiety buffers
concepts or belief that prevent death-related anxiety from entering our conscious mind
self-efficacy
an individuals confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem
self-determination theory
a theory that states an individuals ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree the which they are in control of the behaviors necessary to achieve the goals
James-lange theory
physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion
cannon-bard theory
the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes
stimulus–> emotion and physiological change
fast pathway
allows us to respond to potentially dangerous stimulus before we even know what it is
amygdala
quickly asses danger or threat
hypothalamus
related to eating disorders
2 areas affected: ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus
stanley milgram
found that normal people in normal times will often follow orders to hurt innocent people
emotional dialetcs
or vacations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed
display rules
refer to the unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is approaitate to show a certain emotion
