Psychological disorders (chapter 15)

Question 1

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 1

The psychological study of mental illnesses or disorders
= Abnormal Behaviour

Question 2

Maladaptive

Answer 2

Causes distress to oneself or others, impairs day to day functioning, or increases the risk of injury or harm to onself and others.

Question 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 3

A standardized manual to aid in the diagnosis of disorders

Question 4

Positive Symptoms

Answer 4

Refers to the presence of maladaptive behaviours

Question 5

Negative Symptoms

Answer 5

Refer to the absence of adaptive behaviour

Question 6

Asylums

Answer 6

Residential facilities for the mentally ill

Question 7

Culture-Bound Syndromes

Answer 7

Expressions of distress that are recognized across a given culture but that tend not to appear outside that culture

Question 8

Medical Model

Answer 8

Sees physiological conditions through the same lens as Western medicine tends to see physical conditions - as a set of symptoms, causes, and outcomes, with treatments aimed at changing physiological processes

Question 9

Mental Disorder Defence

Answer 9

A defence that does not deny that the person committed the offence, but claims that the defendant was in such an extreme, abnormal state of mind when committing the crime that they could not discern that the actions were legally or morally wrong.
- Formally known as the Insanity Defence

Question 10

Psychosis

Answer 10

When an individual has difficulties distinguishing between what is real and what is imagined

Question 11

Personality

Answer 11

All the characteristic ways a person behaves and thinks Personality is persistent and consistent

Question 12

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 12

A lack of empathy or emotional connection with others. People with this disorder have a tendacy toward violence regardless of the consequences

Question 13

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 13

Individuals avoid social interactions, including those at school, or work, because they feel inadequate and are deeply afraid of being rejected.

Question 14

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Answer 14

Which is characterized by intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and difficult social relationships.

Question 15

Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 15

Have an excessive need to be taken care of, often requiring frequent assurance from others and help with everyday decision-making.

Question 16

Dissociative Disorder

Answer 16

A category of mental disorders characterized by a split between a person’s conscious awareness and their feelings, cognitions, memory and identity.

Question 17

Historic Personality Disorder

Answer 17

Which is characterized by excessive attention-seeking and dramatic behaviour.

Question 18

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 18

Is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for attention and admiration, as well as intense self-doubt and fear of abondonment.

Question 19

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer 19

A disorder in which individuals are perfectionists who are usually focused on details, organization, and productivity; these individuals also tend to avoid spending money or throwing out old, worthless objects
Example: Livy Poo Cavallo

Question 20

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 20

individuals are consistently preoccupied by the belief that other people are attempting to harm or deceive them; they often react with anger to these imagined social or physical threats

Question 21

Multiple Personality Disorder

Answer 21

In which a person experiences a split in identity such that they feel different aspects of themselves as though they were separated from each other.

Question 22

Personality Disorder

Answer 22

As particularly unusual patterns of behaviour (relative to cultural context) that are maladaptive, distressing to oneself or others, and resistant to change.

Question 23

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 23

Individuals are socially detached; they do not desire close relationships, including being part of a family, and take little pleasure in most activities.

Question 24

Schizotypical Personality Disorder

Answer 24

Which consists with both a discomfort with close relationships as well as unusual or eccentric thoughts and behaviours

Question 25

Agoraphobia

Answer 25

An intense fear of having a panic attack in public; as a result of this fear, the individual may begin to avoid public settings and increasingly isolate themself.

Question 26

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 26

Formally referred to as manic depression - is characterized by extreme highs and lows in mood, motivation, and energy

Question 27

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 27

Involves frequently elevated levels of anxiety, generally from the normal challenges and stresses of everyday life.

Question 28

Diathesis Stress Model

Answer 28

The interaction between genetic predispositions for a disorder and life stress.

Question 29

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Answer 29

Tend to be plagued by unwanted, inappropriate, and persistent thoughts (Obsessions), and engage in repetitive, often quite ritualistic behaviours (compulsions)

Question 30

Major Depression

Answer 30

Is a disorder marked by prolonged periods of sadness, feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, social withdrawal and cognitive and physical sluggishness.

Question 31

Panic Attacks

Answer 31

Brief moments of extreme anxiety that include a rush of physical activity paired with frightening thoughts,

Question 32

Phobia

Answer 32

A severe, irrational fear of a very specific object or situation

Question 33

Specific Phobia

Answer 33

Involves an intense fear of a specific object, activity or organism.

Question 34

Active Phase

Answer 34

People typically experience delusional thoughts hallucinations, or disorganized patterns of thought, emotions and behaviour.

Question 35

Residual Phase

Answer 35

In which people’s predominant symptoms have disappeared or lessened considerably and they may simply be withdrawn, have trouble concentrating, and generally lack motivation.

Question 36

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Answer 36

Symptoms include episodes in which a person remains mute and immobile - sometimes in bizarre positions - for extended periods.

Question 37

Schizophrenia

Answer 37

Is now defined as a brain disease that causes the person to experience significant breaks from reality, a lack of integration of thought and emotions, and problems with attention and memory.

Question 38

Hallucinations

Answer 38

Alterations in perception, such as when a person hears, sees, smells, feels, or states something that does not exist, except in that person’s mind.

Question 39

Delusions

Answer 39

Beliefs that are not based on or well-integrated with reality

Question 40

Disorganized Behaviour

Answer 40

This term describes the considerable difficulty people with schizophrenia may have completing that task of everyday life.

Question 41

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Answer 41

Symptoms include delusional beliefs one is being followed, watched or persecuted, and may also include delusions of grandeur or the belief that one has some secret, insight, power, or some other characteristic that makes one particularly special.

Question 42

Disorganized Schizophrenia

Answer 42

Symptoms include thoughts, speech, behaviours and emotions that are poorly integrated and incoherent. People with disorganized schizophrenia may also show inappropriate, unpredictable mannerisms.

Question 43

Prodromal Phase

Answer 43

People may become easily confused and have difficulty organizing their thoughts, they may lose interest and begin to withdraw from friends and family, and they may lose their normal motivations, withdraw from life, and spend increasing amounts of time alone, often deeply engrossed in their own thoughts