intelligence testing (chapter 9) Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to think, understand, reason and adapt to overcome obstacles
mental age
the average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age
standford-binet test
as a test intended to measure innate levels of intelligence
William sterns concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ)
calculated by dividing mental age with chronological age than multiply by 100
helps measure peoples presumably innate levels of intelligence
Deviation IQ (Wechsler)
created because sterns IQ didn’t generalize adult population
-calculated by comparing a persons test score with the average score for people of the same age
-first must establish the norm or average for a population
wechlser adult intelligence scale (WIAS)
the most common intelligence test in use today for adolescents and adults
ravens progressive matrices
an intelligence test that is based on pictures not words, thus making it relatively unaffected by language or cultural backgrounds
mental abilities
a broad range of cognitive capacities and skills
general intelligence test (g-factor)
what is common to all mental abilities
positive manifold
different mental abilities are all related to each other and the correlations among mental tests are always positive (spearman)
spearman’s g-factor
general intelligence factor is the basis of most intelligence assessment used in research today
-effects of g are due to being motivated
person with savant abilities
an individual which low mental capacity in most domains but extraordinary abilities in other specific areas such as art, math or music
spearman
two factors” g and s (skill)
thurstone
primary mental abilities: would fluency, verbal comprehension, numeric abilities, spatial visitation, memory, perceptual speed and reason
hierarchical model of intelligence
nesting
fluid intelligence
a type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems
-test of fluid intelligence involve pattern recognition and solving geometric puzzles
crystallized intelligence
a form of intelligence that draws Upon past learning and experience
-tests include vocabulary, similarity/difference and reading comprehension
Sir Francis Galton
observed that his family was full of intelligent people
-first to try to scientifically measure intelligence
Anthropometrics
methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
developed the first IQ test to identify children who needed special attention in school
limitations
mental age is that it is hard to assess after 16
People with low g
may need help navigating life.
US military has cut off around 90
entity theory
the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristics and relatively difficult to change
incremental theory
the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice and effort
the Flynn effect
refers to steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time
general intelligence factor
spearman believed that g represented a persons mental energy, reflecting his belief that some peoples brain are simply more powerful than others
stereotype threat
occurs when negative stereotypes about a group cause group members to underperform on ability tests
ravens progessve matrices
