Personality (chapter 12) Flashcards
Carl rogers, Abraham Maslow
self-actualization
person-centered perspective
personality
a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is unique to each individual and reasons relatively consistent over time and situations
idiographic approach
focus on detailed descriptions of individuals and their unique personality characteristics
(single individual, why they behave that way)
nomothetic approach
personality patterns in large groups of people with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure
(Multiple people)
descriptive labels
what is similar about personality between people
personality traits
“the units of personality”
specific psychological characteristics that make up part of a persons personality; how that person is most of the time
Allport and odbert
factor analysis
used to group items that people respond to similarly
-create personality trait labels by grouping related traits together
Five factor model
McCrae and Costa found that personality could be reduced to five major dimensions
Five facet model (FFM) (also big five personality factors)
OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Emotional stability (Neuroticism)
NEO personality inventory
individuals rate themselves on multiple questions that reflect the traits
Hexaco model
six factor theory
OCEAN+H (honset-humility)
high scores- sincerem honest, faithful , modest
low scores- deceitful, greedy and pompous
Machiavellianism
a tendency to use people and to be manipulative and deceitful, lacking respect for others and focusing predominantly on ones own self-interest
MY EX BOYFRIEND
psychopathy
a general tendency toward having shallow emotional responses (No empathy to sympathy)
TED BUNDY
Jeffery dammer
narcissism
an egotistical preoccupation with self-image and an excessive sense of self-importance
THINK UR THE SHIT AND NEED AN AGO CHECK
authoritarian personality
tend to categorize the world as “us” versus “them” often leading to prejudice and violence against the “them” group
right-wing authoritarianism
set of personality characteristic that predisposes people to certain types of violent or anti-social tendencies
-in society it leads to prejudice and aggression
openness
use of synthesis-analysis and elaborative-processing learning styles
conscientiousness
GPA And exam performance
extroversion
higher relationship quality
agreeableness
higher life satisfaction
neuroticism
negatively related to academic success
reciprocal determinism and social-cognitive approach
Albert Bandura personality is product of dynamic interactions between behavior and reinforcement, and importantly, the beliefs, expectancies and dispositions of the individual
state
a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influence behaivior
4 general aspects of situations
Locations
associations
activities
subject states
WEIRD
Western, educated, industrialized, rich and Democratic societies
Estimates of heritability
Openness: .57
Conscientiousness: .49
Extraversion: .54
Agreeableness:. 42
Neuroticism: .48
unconscious processes and psychodynamics
Sigmund freud
conscious mind
thoughts and perceptions currently in awareness
unconscious mind
hidden thoughts, memories and desires, operation without your conscious endorsement or will to influence and guide your behaviors
Denial
refusing to acknowledge unpleasant information, particularly about the self
displacement
transforming an unacceptable impulse into a less unacceptable or neutral behavior
identification
unconsciously assuming the characteristics of a more powerful person in order to reduce feelings of anxiety or negative feelings about the self
projection
perceiving in other people the qualities that you don’t want to admit to possessing yourself
rationalization
attempting to hide your true motives (even from yourself) by providing what seems like a reasonable explanation for unacceptable feelings or behaviors
reaction formation
altering an impulse that one finds personally unacceptable into its opposite
repression
keeping distressing information out of conscious awareness by burying it in the unconscious
sublimation
transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable or even pro-social alternatives
Oral (0-18 months)
Actions of the mouth
sucking, chewing and swallowing
Anal (18-36)
bowel elimination, control
Phallic (3-6 years)
General’s
Latency (6 years until puberty)
External activities
Genital (puberty to adulthood)
Sexual actives with others
The Roschach Inkblot test
measure personality characteristics by analyzing the verbal responses clients use to describer what they see in an inkblot
The thematic apperception test
individual is asked to tell a story about what is happening in the image. The responses to this task are believed by some to give an important insights into an individuals personality
Figure drawing as a projective test
the content of drawing is anayqlzrd and interpreted by the therapist. These drawings are somewhat related to artistic ability and intelligence but no personality
Carl Jung
Analytical psychology
Personal, collective unconscious
Alfred Adler and Karen Honey
Inferiority complex
