Therapeutic orientations Flashcards
what is the most effective treatment so far
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
what was the earliest organized therapy for mental disorders? define it
- psychoanalysis (made famous in the 20th century by Freud)
- mental issues are rooted in unconscious conflicts/desires
- long term, many times a week for years
what did freud suggest mental health problems arise from initially
efforts to push inappropriate sexual urges out of conscious awareness
what did freud suggest later that mental health problem arise from the tension of?
- the id, superego, and ego
- id: pleasure driven unconscious urges
- superego: semi-conscious, morals, judgement, expectations
- ego: partially conscious, mediator
what is psychodynamic therapy
Treatment applying psychoanalytic principles in a briefer, more individualized format.
- reliving distress not changing the person
what is free association
- psychodynamic therapy
- patient reports thoughts that come to mind w out censorship
to or f: In Freudian theory, dreams contain only manifest (or literal) content
false, they also contain latent (or symbolic) content
what type of therapy involves the therapist plays a receptive role—interpreting the patient’s thoughts and behaviour based on clinical experience and theory
psychoanalytic
what is transference and countertransference
transference: when a patient transfers their emotions (ie anger) for ppl onto the therapist
countertransference: therapist projecting emotions on the patient
disadvantages of psychoanalytic therapy
- expensive
- lack of empirical support for how effective it is
- not appropriate for patients w intellectual disabilities/severe psychoanalysis
what is PCT
- person-centered therapy
- create a supportive enviro for self-discovery
- problems come from inconsistency between behaviours and true personal identity
- developed by Carl Rogers
- non judgemental/empathetic, unconditional positive regard
what should patients expect in PCT?
vulnerability to anxiety, which motivates the desire to change, and an appreciation for the therapist’s support.
- therapists take a passive role, guiding growth
pros and cons for PCT
pros: rewarding, ties into other therapy
cons: not specific to the person, mixed efficiency findings
what is the goal of CBT
to change the thoughts and behaviours that influence psychopathology
- shows how thoughts connect to emotions, which connect to a behaviour
- focused on the now
- make adaptive not maladaptive appraisals (evaluations)
what is the average length of CBT
12-16 weeks
what are automatic thoughts
that that occur spontaneously, problematic thoughts encourages mental disorders
who developed CBT? when?
Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis in the mid 20th century
what are the three schemas/belief systems that automatic thoughts arise from?
- beliefs about self
- beliefs about the world
- beliefs about the future
define reappraisal/cognitive restructuring
process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy
what type of therapy can include exposure therapy?
CBT
pros and cons for CBT
pros: cost effective, brief, logical, lots of empirical evidence of success
cons: significant effort on patients (homework)
what is Ellis’ ABC model?
- chain between emotional and behavioural responses to events
- A=antecedent event B=belief C=consequence
T or f: mindfulness is a fairly new concept in therapy
false, it is born out of age old Buddhist and yoga techniques
what is MBT
- a non-judgemental yet attentive state
- focus on body sensations, thoughts and outside enviro
- accepting thoughts
- types: mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
what are the two components to mindfulness?
- self regulation of attention
- orientation toward present moment
CBT vs MBCT
CBT: focuses on “pushing out” the maladaptive thought
MBCT: focuses on “not getting caught up” in it
what other types of therapy uses mindfulness and acceptance as tools?
- DBT (dialectical behaviour therapy)
- treats borderline personality disorder
distress tolerance
ways to cope with maladaptive thoughts and emotions in the moment, alternatives
dialectical worldview
seeing both good and bad in the world
pros and cons of MBT
pros: acceptability, accessibility
cons: efficiency research lacking
ACT therapy
- acceptance and commitment therapy
- ## observe thoughts from a detached perceptive
pros of tech in regards to therapy
- accessible
- ## cognitive bias modification (using games to challenge thoughts) ex game where you avoid alcohol, you will later avoid drinking/less pressured
comorbidity
- state of having 1+ psychological/physical disorder at once
integrative or eclectic psychotherapy
approaches combining multiple orientations (e.g., CBT with psychoanalytic elements)
During a session, Dr. Davidson asks his client, Jorge, to lay back on the sofa and close his eyes. “Just say anything that comes into your mind, and don’t worry at all about what it means,” he instructs Jorge. This technique is called:
dream analysis.
free association.
word association.
analysis of resistance.
transference.
free association.
Why has it been difficult for research to establish a solid answer to the question of whether person-centered therapy (PCT) is, overall, an effective approach to treating clients?
- PCT is based almost exclusively on a White, Western European, male-centric model of how therapy should be conducted..
- The research that has examined PCT has only looked at conditions where therapy clients had very low (or less severe) forms of psychopathology..
- PCT’s techniques can be applied by anyone, trained or untrained, and thus do not rise to the level of professional therapy..
- PCT is based on nonspecific treatment factors, without considering specific treatment factors to directly target a given mental problem..
- Because the foundation of PCT is the use of 12-step anonymous programs, it is all but impossible to gather true data about the impact it has on its clients.
PCT is based on nonspecific treatment factors, without considering specific treatment factors to directly target a given mental problem..
The foundational premise of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is that:
- Maladaptive actions are learned and can be unlearned and replaced with adaptive actions..
- Childhood conflicts and unconscious impulses exceed the capacity of defense mechanisms to keep them outside of consciousness..
- There is a fundamental mismatch between a person’s real self and ideal self, which leads to inappropriate actions..
- People experience distress and unhappiness when they refuse to face painful or difficult experiences or memories from their lives..
- Thoughts, actions, and emotions interact and contribute to psychopathology.
Thoughts, actions, and emotions interact and contribute to psychopathology.
Cognitive ______refers to the process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy.
de-escalation.
adaptation.
alteration.
development.
restructuring.
restructuring
Which therapeutic strategy, that emphasizes simultaneous acceptance and change, is often used for the treatment of borderline personality disorder?
Psychodynamic reappraisal therapy.
Person-centered restructuring.
Dialectical behavior therapy.
Cognitive behavior therapy.
Directive Gestalt therapy.
Dialectical behavior therapy.
what two principals are used in behavioural therapy
operant and classical conditioning
