culture Flashcards
define ethnographic study
- research that emphasizes field data collection
- examines questions that attempt to understand culture from its own context and pov
- mostly used my anthropologists
- ex observing and conducting interviews
define cultural psychology
- interviews as primary methodology
- used by psychologists
- emphasizes use of interviews and observation
- emphasizes the subject’s definitions and language
- understand culture from its own pov
What is an example of a cultural psychology experiment?
Markus experiment in 2004, what American dream life is to people
define standard scale
research method where all participants use a common scale (usually Likert scale) to respond to questions
Define ethnocentric bias
- being unduly guided by beliefs of the culture one grew up in
- can result in misunderstanding of other cultures
define culture
pattern of shared meaning and behaviour among a group of ppl that is passed from one gen to the next
What are the four features needed to understand a culture?
- Versatility (can change and adapt)
- Sharing (cooperation and share of knowledge and skills.
- Accumulation (information is ‘stored’, grows across generations
- Patterns (systemic and predictable ways of behaviour or thinking across culture members, patterns emerging from the info)
Define situation identify
- being guided by diff cultural influences in diff situations
- similar to home vs workplace/ formal vs informal
define cultural intelligence
- ability and willingness to apply cultural awareness to practical uses
- understanding cultures practices
what are the three main ways to analyze/understand culture?
- progressive cultivation (small bit of activities that are intentional and aimed at being refined, ‘high art’)
- Ways of life (pattern of beliefs and behaviours shared among ppl in a culture over generations)
- Shared learning (culture is a process that can be learned - enculturation [learning taught from one generation to the next])
What were the two patterns of culture Triandis focused on? Define them. How can those two be further divided?
Individualism: belief system of freedom, independence, and individual choices as highly valued
Collectivism: belief system that highlights the duty and obligations ppl have towards each other
further divided:
vertical: ppl differing in status, some are more privileged or respected
horizontal: everyone is equal
define self-construal
- self is defined as independent or as relating to others
- how ppl ‘fit in’ with others
Independant self vs interdependant self
independant: tendency to define self in terms of stable traits that guide behaviour (individualist)
interdependant: tendency to define self in terms of social contexts that guide behaviour (collectivist)
How do people learn cultural skills?
through a combo of explicit and implicit learning - by observing and copying
define cultural relativism
idea that cultural norms and values can only be fully understood on their own terms in their own context, from the culture’s pov
Alison thinks of herself as a good friend, a big sister, and a loving wife. Which self-construal is she an example of?
the interdependent self
The people of Mateo’s village all work together and share their food. All of the village members have equal status in their community. What type of culture is this?
horizontal collectivist
When students wear a cap and gown and receive a printed diploma in front of friends and family, this is an example of ____.
a ritual
