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psych 100 sem 2 > Schizophrenia spectrum disorder > Flashcards

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some of the symptoms of psychotic disorders?

A

need 2 for diagnosis
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech and behaviour
- abnormal motor behaviour
- blunted affect/reduced speech
- anhedonia
- amotivation

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2
Q

define anhedonia/amotivation

A

reduce in ability or motivation to take steps needed or engage in actions needed to get a positive outcome

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3
Q

t or f: delusions are easy to fix once they are presented with conflicting information

A

false, they are often fixed and hard to change
- they are often culturally influenced

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4
Q

what is the most common delusion?

A

Persecutory: someone or group of ppl are trying to hurt harm or plot against a person

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5
Q

what are the different types of delusions

A
  • persecutory
  • grandiose (person believes they have special power/ability)
  • referential (event/object in enviro is specifically for them)
  • other (ppl are controlling thoughts/actions, thoughts are out loud, read ppls minds)
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6
Q

define disorganized speech

A
  • difficult to follow speech
  • doesn’t follow questions/no flow
  • can occur in writing as well
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7
Q

define catatonia

A
  • behaviours indicating a reduce in responsiveness to external enviro
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8
Q

what is a negative symptom

A

absence of certain things typically expect most ppl to have

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9
Q

flat affect

A

reduce of showing emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and speech intonation

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10
Q

alogia

A
  • reduction of amount of speech
  • increased pausing before talking
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11
Q

name different psychotic disorders

A
  • schizophrenia
  • schizophreniform disorder (brief version, less than 6 months but at least 1 month)
  • schizoaffective disorder (mix of psychosis and depression/mania symptoms)
  • delusional disorder (only delusions)
  • brief psychotic disorder (symptoms only last for a few days/weeks)
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12
Q

what are some examples of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia

A
  • problems w working or episodic memory
  • problem with tasks that require one to ‘control’ or regulate behaviour
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13
Q

functional capacity

A

ability to engage in self care/grooming, work, school, and/or engage socially

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14
Q

functional capacity

A

ability to engage in self care/grooming, work, school, and/or engage socially

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15
Q

what are examples of cognitive deficits present in schizophrenia

A
  • problem with:
  • working memory
    -episodic memory
  • controlling or regulating behaviour
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16
Q

what neuroimaging tests are used in patients with schizophrenia

A
  • MRI
  • PET
17
Q

what have scans shown to be associted with delusions in psychosis?

A
  • problems in “salience” detection mechanisms supported by the ventral striatum and anterior prefrontal cortex
  • dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
18
Q

what are the two primary types of antipsychotic medications used in treatment of schizophrenia?

A
  • typical: block D2 type dopamine receptor, help with hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech not cog deficits/negative symptoms, come with motor side effects
  • atypical: most target D2 receptors, fewer motor side effects, weight gain and increased risk of cardiovascular illness, type 2 diabetes and mortality
19
Q

t or f: there are no pharmaceutical treatments that work to help improve cognition

A

true

20
Q

What treatment helps with cognition in schizophrenia?

A

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET)

21
Q

t or f: there is a single gene that cause schizophrenia

A

false

22
Q

t or f: schizophrenia looks very similar/is the same person to person

A

false, it is a heterogeneous disorder, two ppl can have very different symptoms

23
Q

what is hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen

24
Q

what increases risk of schizophrenia

A
  • older father
    -runs in the family
  • grow up in urban settings
  • during pregnancy: stress, diabetes etc
25
Q

What is the ‘Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome’?

A
  • section added to DSM to diagnose and catch ppl at high clinical risk (mild psychosis symptoms) early on
26
Q

what are some changes seen in the brians of patients with schizophrenia?

A

changes in cellular architecture, white matter connectivity, and gray matter volume in a variety of regions that include the prefrontal and temporal cortices

27
Q

Karl has been suffering from the symptoms of schizophrenia for about a year. He has a reduction in his responsiveness to events in his surroundings, and his motor behavior is often slow or aimless. Which of the following best describes these symptoms?

delusions.
hallucinations.
anhedonia.
flat affect.
catatonia

A

catatonia

28
Q

Of the following, which type of delusion is most commonly experienced among those suffering from a psychotic disorder?

thought control.
persecutory delusions.
erotomanic delusions.
delusions of reference.
delusions of guilt

A

persecutory delusions.

29
Q

What is one of the biggest problems with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

  • They are always accompanied by severe mood symptoms.
  • They show up very suddenly.
  • The medications used to treat these symptoms have stronger side effects..
  • They may not be apparent to others and thus not get appropriate attention..
  • They are not seen frequently enough to be included in DSM-5.
A

They may not be apparent to others and thus not get appropriate attention..

30
Q

After she receives an acceptance letter to her top choice university, Brenda says, “I guess that’s good. I’ll go there.” This sort of absence of emotions is called ______.

anhedonia.
echopraxia.
alogia.
echolalia.
flat affect

A

flat affect

31
Q

Which of the following parts of the brain normally activate when important, aka “salient,” events happen? (These areas may under-perform in those with schizophrenia.)

the ventromedial hippocampus and the inferior amygdala.
the anterior cingulate and the locus coeruleus.
the dorsal amygdala and the posterior postfrontal cortex.
the ventral striatum and the anterior prefrontal cortex.
the superior putamen and the lateral hypothalamus.

A

the ventral striatum and the anterior prefrontal cortex

32
Q

Both “typical” and “atypical” antipsychotic medications work by blocking a specific type of ______receptor in the brain.

serotonin.
dopamine.
gamma-aminobutyric (GABA).
norepinephrine.
glutamate

A

dopamine

33
Q

positive vs negative symptoms

A

positive: exaggeration of behaviour
negative: reduction of behaviour (anhedonia, amotivation)

34
Q

stages of schizophrenia

A
  • premorbid (before)
  • prodromal (beginnning)
  • active (impairing symptoms)
  • residual (treated) OR chronic (cont. w treatment)

psych 100 sem 2 (36 decks)

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