Anxiety and related disorders Flashcards
define anxiety and some bodily symptoms
- mood state characterized by negative affect, muscle tension, and physical arousal
- person anticipates future gander or misfortune
- increased heart rate, muscle tension, sense of unease, apprehension abt the future
What are the ‘triple vulnerabilities’?
- anxiety and closely related disorders emerge from it, increase risk for developing a disorder
- combo of: biological, psychological, and specific vulnerabilities
Define biological vulnerabilities
- specific, genetic and neurobiological
- may predispose development of anxiety disorder
- no single gene is responsible, but they make you more susceptible and influence how brains react to stress
define psychological vulnerabilities
- influence early experiences have on how we see the world
- trauma = seeing the world in a different light
define specific vulnerabilities
- how experience lead us to focus and channel anxiety
what is the DSM-5 and what does it stand for
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
- handbook used by professionals to guide diagnosis of mental disorders
symptoms of GAD
- fatigue
- agitation or restlessness
- irritability
- muscle tension
- difficulties w sleep
- difficulty concentrating
diagnosis=on going for at least 6 months
How does operant conditioning tie into GAD?
- when catastrophic events don’t materialize, the act of worrying is reinforced
- the response is strengthened
What is PD?
- panic disorder
- regular, strong panic attacks including significant levels of worry about future attacks
- need both attack and to fear the next attack for one month
define internal bodily/somatic cues
- Physical sensations that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic events.
define interoceptive avoidance
avoiding situations/activities that produce physical sensations similar to those produced during a panic attack
what type of anxiety disorder often accompanies panic disorder but is separate in the DSM-5? define it.
- agoraphobia
- type of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable/unsafe bc it is open/crowded
what are the four major subtypes of specific phobia?
- blood-injury-injection (BII)
- situational
- natural environment
- animal
- others
T or F: All phobias give people basically the same symptoms.
F: ppl w BII get a drop in heart rate and blood pressure, whereas any other phobia gets an increase (reactions in sympathetic nervous system)
- BII runs in families
What is the social situation category that gets its own diagnosis of SAD if it is stand alone:
- assertiveness
- performance
- conversation
performance
how does classical conditioning relate to SAD?
If someone has a panic attack, they associate it with the social situation (conditioned response) causing fear that another will occur in similar context next time
symptoms of ptsd
- quick to anger
- easily startled
- exposed to a trauma
- hyper vigilant to surroundings
Originally a panic disorder, DSM5 updated to it being stressor- and trauma related disorder
which is NOT an example of obsession for OCD?
- doubting thoughts
- focused thoughts
- aggressive thoughts
- contamination thoughts
focused thoughts
what is needed in an ocd diagnosis?
- obsessions/compulsions take up at least an hour a day
define thought action fusion
The tendency to overestimate the relationship between a thought and an action, ex believing a “bad” thought is the equivalent of a “bad” action
Treatment for anxiety
- meds: anti-depressant/anti-anxiety/mild tranquillizers (high relapse rate)
- exposure based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure therapy
When Olivia was a child, she observed how her mother would count calories and restrict her eating. Now Olivia deals with her stressors by avoiding food and staying slender. Olivia’s early experiences being channeled into a food-related anxiety is an example of a ______ and _________ vulnerability.
- caloric
-psychological
-biological - Specific
- genetic
psychological specific
Filomena has been seeing a therapist for two weeks. Based on the symptoms, Dr. Sharma believes that Filomena is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. For how long will the symptoms need to have been present for this diagnosis to be appropriate?
6 months
From a behavioral perspective, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder may become inadvertently ______ when a person feels that their worry has led to some sort of positive outcome.
reinforced
Lamar has had panic attacks for some time, and when this happens he usually gets a feeling of tightness and squeezing in his chest. As a result he has stopped wearing compression t-shirts when he works out, and usually wears shirts that are one size too big. This attempt to avoid an internal sensation associated with a panic attack is called ______.
- internalized negative reinforcement
- somatic decatastrophizing
- interoceptive avoidance
- physical dissociation
- body dysmorphia
interoceptive avoidance
Anna is invited by her friends to go to a choir performance in a large recital hall. They do not know that she has a terrible fear of such places, because the crowds make her feel trapped. Anna declines to go, but does not tell her friends that she suffers from ______
agoraphobia
Many children incorrectly believe that if they have angry wishes about a friend or relative, such wishes could amount to actual harm befalling that person. This overestimation of the relationship between one’s thoughts and actual actions is called thought-action ______.
fusion
