Therapeutic Antibodies

Question 1

Why do we want to develop short-term treatments for immunological diseases?

Answer 1

Lecture 5, slide 7

Question 2

How are monoclonal antibodies made?

Answer 2

Lecture 5, slide 9

Question 3

What is the structure of a typical rodent IgG antibody?

Answer 3

Lecture 5, slide 10

Question 4

What are the key properties of antibodies that are relevant to therapy?

Answer 4

Lecture 5, slide 11-12

Question 5

What are the pros and cons of mAbs?

Answer 5

Lecture 5, slide 13

Question 6

Why was antibody engineering needed?

Answer 6

Lecture 5, slide 14

Question 7

How have mouse mAbs been engineered?

Answer 7

Lecture 5, slide 16-18

Question 8

What is the nomenclature of mAbs?

Answer 8

Lecture 5, slide 19

Question 9

What are the current therapeutic antibody strategies for autoimmunity?

Answer 9

Lecture 5, slide 24

Question 10

What is the aim of reprogramming the immune system?

Answer 10

Lecture 5, slide 25

Question 11

What type of antibody serums can be used to recognise lymphocytes? What is the distribution of CD52 antigen within the haematopoietic system?

Answer 11

Lecture 5, slide 26-27

Question 12

What are the different form of progression in multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer 12

Lecture 5, slide 30

Question 13

What is the role of T and B cells in MS? How can this be reprogrammed?

Answer 13

Lecture 5, slide 31-32

Question 14

How effective is alemtuzumab?

Answer 14

Lecture 5, slide 33-36

Question 15

What are the current therapeutic antibody strategies for autoimmunity?

Answer 15

Lecture 5, slide 40

Question 16

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer 16

Lecture 5, slide 41

Question 17

What are some current treatments for chronic inflammation?

Answer 17

Lecture 5, slide 42

Question 18

What is a con of using DMARDs?

Answer 18

Lecture 5, slide 43

Question 19

What are some potential therapeutic targets in RA?

Answer 19

Lecture 5, slide 44

Question 20

What are anti-TNFs used for? Are they effective?

Answer 20

Lecture 5, slide 45-47

Question 21

What are some issues associated with the use of anti-TNFs?

Answer 21

Lecture 5, slide 48

Question 22

What are the options for RA patients who are anti-TNFs non-responders?

Answer 22

Lecture 5, slide 49-50

Question 23

What are the roles of IL-6 in RA? How can it be targeted in treatment?

Answer 23

Lecture 5, slide 51-52

Question 24

What are the roles of B cells in RA? How can this be targeted in treatment?

Answer 24

Lecture 5, slide 53-55

Question 25

How can T cells be targeted in the treatment of RA?

Answer 25

Lecture 5, slide 56

Question 26

What is the current clinical criteria for biologic therapy in RA?

Answer 26

Lecture 5, slide 57

Question 27

What are some issues with anti RA biologics? How can these issues be overcome?

Answer 27

Lecture 5, slide 58

Question 28

What are some potential RA treatments?

Answer 28

Lecture 5, slide 59

Question 29

What is the role of HDL and LDL?

Answer 29

Lecture 5, slide 63

Question 30

How is plasma LDL made into cholesterol inside a hepatocyte?

Answer 30

Lecture 5, slide 64

Question 31

What are loss-of-function PCSK9 mutations associated with?

Answer 31

Lecture 5, slide 65-67

Question 32

What effect does PCSK9 have in LDL uptake? How do anti-PCSK9 antibodies affect this?

Answer 32

Lecture 5, slide 68

Question 33

Are anti-PCSK9 antibodies effective at lowering LDL? When is this approach probably the most effective approach?

Answer 33

Lecture 5, slide 70

Question 34

How may therapeutic antibodies be used in the future?

Answer 34

Lecture 5, slide 78-86 - already used to treat breast cancer (Herceptin) - checkpoint inhibitors - to treat migraines - as anti-virals