Atherosclerosis

Question 1

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

Lecture 7, slide 3

Question 2

How prevalent is atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Lecture 7, slide 4

Question 3

Where does atherosclerosis occur?

Answer 3

Lecture 7, slide 7-10

Question 4

Describe the process of atherogenesis.

Answer 4

Lecture 7, slide 11

Question 5

What cell types are in atherosclerotic plaques?

Answer 5

Lecture 7, slide 14

Question 6

What role do endothelial cells play in atherosclerosis?

Answer 6

Lecture 7, slide 17

Question 7

What factors are released by endothelial cells? What happens in advanced atherosclerosis?

Answer 7

Lecture 7, slide 18-20

Question 8

What is haemostasis? What are platelets and what is their role?

Answer 8

Lecture 7, slide 21-22

Question 9

What are the general roles of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)? What roles do they have in atherosclerosis? What are the different types?

Answer 9

Lecture 7, slide 23

Question 10

What role do macrophages have in atherogenesis?

Answer 10

Lecture 7, slide 25-26

Question 11

What is the effect of interactions between macrophages and T cells?

Answer 11

Lecture 7, slide 27

Question 12

What is the effect of interactions between macrophages and VSMC?

Answer 12

Lecture 7, slide 28

Question 13

Discuss the balance between plaque stability and plaque rupture. What cells are involved?

Answer 13

Lecture 7, slide 30

Question 14

What are some plasma components that are important in the development of atherosclerotic lesions?

Answer 14

Lecture 7, slide 34

Question 15

What is the general structure of a lipoprotein?

Answer 15

Lecture 7, slide 35

Question 16

Describe the classification of lipoproteins? Which lipoprotein is different from the others and why?

Answer 16

Lecture 7, slide 36

Question 17

What is LDL cholesterol associated with? How are its effects modified? And how can it be decreased?

Answer 17

Lecture 7, slide 37

Question 18

What is HDL associated with and what is its role? How can it be increased?

Answer 18

Lecture 7, slide 38

Question 19

Compare the effects of functional vs dysfunctional HDL.

Answer 19

Lecture 7, slide 39

Question 20

What are some risk factors of cardiovascular disease? Describe some studies that investigated this.

Answer 20

Lecture 7, slide 42-46

Question 21

What is relative and absolute risk? What are independent risk factors?

Answer 21

Lecture 7, slide 47

Question 22

Give examples of non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Answer 22

Lecture 7, slide 49

Question 23

Give examples of modifiable risk factors for CHD?

Answer 23

Lecture 7, slide 50

Question 24

What is familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer 24

Lecture 7, slide 54-58

Question 25

What are some Mendelian disorders relevant to atherosclerosis?

Answer 25

Lecture 7, slide 61

Question 26

Give examples of subtle genetic variation contributing to CHD risk factors.

Answer 26

Lecture 7, slide 62-64

Question 27

What are the stages of atherogenesis?

Answer 27

Lecture 7, slide 67

Question 28

What events occur in the initiation of atherogenesis?

Answer 28

Lecture 7, slide 68-69

Question 29

What events occur in the progression of atherogenesis?

Answer 29

Lecture 7, slide 70-71

Question 30

What are some complications associated with atherogenesis?

Answer 30

Lecture 7, slide 72-73

Question 31

Name the different hypotheses for atherogenesis and briefly say what they propose.

Answer 31

Lecture 7, slide 74

Question 32

What is the response to injury hypothesis of atherosclerosis? What key events of atherogenesis are proposed in this theory?

Answer 32

Lecture 7, slide 75

Question 33

What are some experimental models of atherosclerosis?

Answer 33

Lecture 7, slide 79