Autoimmunity

Question 1

How is central tolerance imposed? How is peripheral tolerance imposed?

Answer 1

Lecture 2, slide 3

Question 2

What are the roles of nTregs? What are the roles of iTregs?

Answer 2

Lecture 2, slide 4

Question 3

Give some examples of autoimmune disease (one where central tolerance fails and one where peripheral tolerance fails).

Answer 3

Lecture 2, slide 5

Question 4

How prevalent are autoimmune diseases?

Answer 4

Lecture 2, slide 6

Question 5

What determines the characteristics of an autoimmune disease. What may SLE be caused by?

Answer 5

Lecture 2, slide 7

Question 6

What factors contribute to susceptibility to autoimmunity?

Answer 6

Lecture 2, slide 8

Question 7

Give examples of autoimmune diseases with HLA-associations. Give examples of autoantibodies that may be found in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 7

Lecture 2, slide 9

Question 8

What are some common mechanisms of escape from self-tolerance?

Answer 8

Lecture 2, slide 10

Question 9

How may molecular mimicry break self-tolerance?

Answer 9

Lecture 2, slide 11

Question 10

Give examples of when molecular mimicry breaks self-tolerance.

Answer 10

Lecture 2, slide 12

Question 11

Give Rheumatic Heart Disease as an example of molecular mimicry.

Answer 11

Lecture 2, slide 13

Question 12

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 12

Lecture 2, slide 14

Question 13

Discuss the structure of nAChRs. What effect may binding of autoantibodies to nAChRs have?

Answer 13

Lecture 2, slide 15-16

Question 14

What are the two potential theories of myasthenia gravis initiation?

Answer 14

Lecture 2, slide 17

Question 15

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer 15

Lecture 2, slide 18

Question 16

How can MS be studied in mice?

Answer 16

Lecture 2, slide 19

Question 17

Why is tolerance not established for MBP even though it is present during negative selection?

Answer 17

Lecture 2, slide 20-21

Question 18

What factors may lead to autoimmune regulation in the periphery?

Answer 18

Lecture 2, slide 22

Question 19

What are some treatment options for autoimmunity? Evaluate some of these options.

Answer 19

Lecture 2, slide 23

Question 20

Why is it difficult to re-establish self-tolerance in a primed immune system?

Answer 20

Lecture 2, slide 24

Question 21

What are the different types of epitope spreading? What does epitope spreading lead to?

Answer 21

Lecture 2, slide 25

Question 22

What is the mechanism of epitope spreading?

Answer 22

Lecture 2, slide 26